1. Water Turbines Results Kirk Fuster #66099 Prof: Eduardo Cabrera ME 4111-04

2. Outline Introduction and objective definition Experimental Procedure Experimental Result Conclusion Recommendations

3. Introduction Water Turbine Turbines are machines used to convert potential energy into work. Turbines can handle liquids and gases as working fluids. When the turbine is coupled to a generator, the work is transformed into electrical energy. Water Turbines are divided in two groups: Reaction Turbines Impulse Turbines

4. Objective The objective of the present experiment is the parameterization of the operating characteristic for several kind of water turbines.

5. Experimental Procedure Turbine Characterization Start the pump with all valves open and allow water to circulate until all air bubbles have dispersed. The procedure to do is take 10 intervals between no force applied and before the turbine stop with 100% of flow rate. Repeat this process closing the throttle valve to decrease flow 50%. Make this process with the three different turbines. Turbines model Axial flow Turbine (FM30) Radial flow Turbine (FM31) Pelton Turbine (FM32)

6. Experimental Procedure Comparison of nozzle and throttle valve in the axial flow turbine. Take 8 samples in an interval between no force applied and before the turbine stop with all nozzle valves open. Repeat this process closing one nozzle valve. Do it until three of the four valves have been closed. Repeat with three constant flow rate (100%,75%,50%). This flow rate is graduate by the throttle valve.

7. Experimental Procedure Comparison of spear and throttle valves in the Pelton turbine. Take 8 samples in an interval between no force applied and before the turbine stop with the spear valve fully open. The throttle valve remains fully open at all time. Partially close the spear valve down to 75% and later to 50%.

8. Experimental Results Characteristic Curves Data: Pelton Turbine with throttle valve 100% open Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve 100% open Radial flow Turbine with throttle valve 100% open

9. Experimental Results Characteristic Curves Brake Power vs. Rotational speed:

10. Experimental Results Characteristic Curves Torque vs. Rotational speed:

11. Experimental Results Characteristic Curves Efficiency vs. Rotational speed:

12. Experimental Results Throttle and Nozzles valves Comparison Data: Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve 100% open Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve 75% open Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve 50% open

13. Experimental Results Throttle and Nozzles Comparison Data: Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve fully open and 3 nozzle valves open. Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve fully open and 2 nozzle valves open. Axial flow Turbine with throttle valve fully open and 4 nozzle valves open.

14. Experimental Results

15. Experimental Results Spear and Throttle valves Comparison Data: Pelton Turbine with throttle valve 100% open. Pelton Turbine with throttle valve 50% open. Pelton Turbine with spear valve 100% open.Pelton Turbine with spear valve 50% open.

16. Experimental Results

17. Conclusion Can conclude that the Axial flow turbine have higher efficiency than others two with 58.7%. Radial and Pelton turbines have efficiency values of 32.35% and 44.68%. For torque application the Pelton Turbine is the indicated with the higher torque of 0.30Nm at 6.72rpm. At best efficiency obtain 0.16Nm. High rotational speed application the radial flow turbine is the best of the three with a 122.25rpm with max efficiency of 32.35%. When both, torque and speed is required the Axial flow turbine is the happy medium between them. A torque of 0.10Nm and 72.18rpm at best efficiency. Can run up to 133.37rpm. In the comparison of nozzle and throttle valve, closing the nozzle valves increase rotational speed as well brake power. The higher efficiency was obtained with two nozzles open of 60.25% at 87.2rpm. For throttle 58.7% at 72.18rpm. In the comparison of spear vs throttle, with the spear obtain a best range of efficiency.

18. Recommendations First we have to make sure that the break in the turbine is correctly position. The screw since it may be corroded needs to be lubricated for better calibration of the break The screws that hold the lid of the container and the whole turbine mechanism must be tight to eliminate disaster or danger. Wait for every reading to reach steady state because of variations in the readings. Paid attention to the limit of sensor reads, maybe you are overflow and the readings are incorrect. Adjust it so you have viable value.