1. Development Development- the process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology The development process is continuous, involving never-ending actions to constantly improve the health and prosperity of people

2. Development Every place lies at some point along a continuum of development. This continuum can be divided into: MDC- more developed countries, or LDC- less developed countries. Where a country is along the continuum is determined by the Human Development Index which is kept by the UN

3. Human Development Index The HDI measures economic, social and demographic factors Countries are rated (scored) and placed along the continuum A rate of 1.0 represents 100% in all factors, or, the highest rating The lowest current rate is Sierra Leon with a rating of 0.275

4. HDI – Economic Factors Gross Domestic Product- the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country (per capita) Types of Jobs- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary (Gross National Income, GNI- is the GDP plus any income that residents receive overseas)

5. HDI- Social Factors Education level Literacy rate Health/Welfare

6. HDI – Demographic Factors Life expectancy Infant mortality Natural increase rate Crude birth rate

7. Influences on Development Location – landlocked, near market Physical Conditions-topography, climate, raw material availability Existing Economic Factors-transportation system, infrastructure, debt Cultural factors-demographics, education, societal type, political system

8. Problems from Development Dependence upon outside markets Cost of technology and machinery Unwanted cultural change Foreign debt/control by foreign banks

9. Rostow’s Model for Development In the 1960’s Walter Rostow proposed that development was linear. A country was at a particular stage of development. There were 4 stages beginning with a Traditional Society and ending in a stage of High Consumption where most people could meet basic needs. Finding a progressive leader and making required cultural changes were necessities.

10. 21 st Century Strategies Structuralist – intervention of government in key areas of production and consumption; often based on import substitution by producing for home market Sustainable Development – Progress should not come at the expense of future generations

11. Sustainable Development Partnership with MDC countries on environmental change Market mechanisms for environmental regulation Resource conservation, renewable resources whenever possible Women’s and children’s rights Using appropriate technology ‘Human Geography in Action’ Kirby, Gabor, Harner

12. Development in India In India each state chooses it’s strategy Delhi, Mumbai, Kalata – structuralist; heavy industries like steel and car Punjab – Green Revolution Karnataka – High Tech Kerala – sustainable development; opposes mining, encourages sustainable farming; results mixed

13. Nunavut Created in 1999 Nunavut is a ‘First Nation’ (Native American) self-governing territory within Canada. Canada is only responsible for defense and foreign affairs The small population (31,000?) is trying to preserve traditional cultures and languages The place of development is strongly debated