1. MOSH Open Pit/Cast Industry Planning Workshop 2-3 September 2014 Glenburn Lodge

2. Industry Memebers Exxaro: Vicente Alverado Anglo American De Beers: Gustav van der Linde Glencore: Dudley Lotter BHP Billiton: Herman Heukelman Anglo American: Mike Theusen UMK: Phillip Pienaar Shanduka Coal: Anil Phalad SAMREC: David Belechini Anglo American Kumba: Nelson Banda Rio Tinto RBM: Johan Pretoruis Anton Smal Leading the change to zero harm

3. MOSH Context and Workshop Objectives 1.Maybe MOSH and the zero harm vision presentation Leading the change to zero harm Objective of the workshop Select a MOSH Leading Practice Agree the Source mine(s) Agree the first adopter mine

4. Team activities to date 1.Team meets once a month for 5 hours since Feb 2013 2.PDS focus or not 3.Incident analysis 4.Fatality analysis 5.Expert risk model 6.Visited / presentations – Mogalakwena Motion inhibitor and bumper, Guardvant – Middelburg Colliery – Traffic Management, DSS – Fatigue – De Beers, CSIR, Kolomela 7.Preparation of risk report 8.Preparation for workshop Leading the change to zero harm

5. The MOSH Adoption Process 1.Video Leading the change to zero harm

6. Management Orientation 1.For industry by industry – LH facilitates 2.Experience to date – Option analysis: The investigation of leading practices/new research is objective and appropriately considers costs, benefits and risks. – Leadership support: Leaders at all levels have a clear understanding of what they have to do to lead and enable sustainable adoption, and this is appropriately included in their performance contracts – Worker involvement: Early and effective involvement of those affected by the adoption including their knowledge, beliefs and values – Resources: Adequate training, technical support and explicit financial resources. – Monitoring: Monitoring of progress with the adoption and sustained monitoring of its impact through self-assessment and independent verification. Leading the change to zero harm

7. Management Orientation (Cont) 1.Observations – Management awareness – Organisational competence – Transformation agenda – We have a change management procedure 2.MOSH Learning Hub structure assumes: – Industry ownership – Behavioural aspects competency – Resource availability – Adoption plans that are executed – Portfolio of evidence Leading the change to zero harm

8. Insights from past work Leading the change to zero harm Fatigue Identified as no 1 cause of fatalities in 2010 Number of things that is done through out industry Difference challenge for 8, 12 and 24 hour operations South African conditions are in many cases unique Few published reports/articles on scientific research that is proving that not just one aspect can solve the challenge. In the absence of this, industry is challenged to decide exactly what to do and why. Soon to be promulgated Fatigue Guideline from DMR

9. Risk Analysis Process Leading the change to zero harm Fatality Analysis Nature of Hazards (Sources) Causes of Hazards Identify Potential Leading Practices Select Leading Practice Root Cause Identifi cation Exposures of Hazards Outcomes of Exposures Expert Risk Model

10. Leading the change to zero harm In MOSH terminology the expert risk model is the basis of all Leading Practice work. It provides an industry wide risk basis that ensures common understanding of hazards, its sources and its consequence The Expert Risk Model Purpose of the Report The report documents the outcomes of the work that the MOSH T&M Open Cast/Pit Industry Team did since its inception in 2013. Origin of data. The report is a MOSH contribution that Open Pit/Cast operations can use as a basis for risk analysis bb

11. Key OHS statistics (Injuries) A total number of ? people were over the 6 year (2008 – 2013). Average of over ? per year. Leading the change to zero harm

12. Key OHS statistics (fatalities) A total number of 38 people were killed in 37 accidents over the 5 year period. This is an average of 7 people per year. Despite the fact that this number is a small portion of the mining industry annual fatalities it is still significant. 45.7% of fatalities happened at a speed >8km/h 40.0% of fatalities happened at a speed <8km/h 48.6% of fatalities were the operator or driver of the machine. (This correlates with speed at which the accidents happened) 45.7% of fatalities could be ascribed to some form of undesired behaviour. 25.7% of fatalities could probably be ascribed to fatigue. Leading the change to zero harm

13. Key OHS statistics 51.4 % of fatalities were caused by either a Front End Loader or a Hauler/Dump Truck. Haulers/Dump Trucks were the biggest contributor namely 37.1% of fatalities. Only 17% of fatal accidents happened at global operations and 83% at operator/local operations. 34% of fatalities occurred on haul roads, 6% at tip areas, 6% at workshops and 20% in pit areas. 34% of fatalities were non-specific with regards to location. Leading the change to zero harm

14. Conclusions Global operations outperform local/owner operated operations at a ratio of 1 to 5 when it comes to T&M fatalities. Load and Haul are the most dangerous part of Open Cast/Pit T&M operations. Haulers/Dump Trucks caused the most T&M fatalities in open pit/cast operations. (37.1%). Fatal accidents mostly happen on haul roads (34%) at speeds above 8 km/h with operators/driver by far the most exposed occupation (48.6%). Undesired behaviour seems to play a major role in fatalities with over 45% of fatalities that can probably be ascribed to that. Fatigue seems to be the single biggest contributor to T&M fatalities in Open Cast/Pit operations Leading the change to zero harm

15. Major Causes of Fatalities Leading the change to zero harm 1. Fatigue 2.Traffic Management

16. Causes of Fatigue Leading the change to zero harm Shift Durations Repetitive/boring/routine work Operator social behaviour Lack of rest After Hours substance abuse Poor fitness Over weight Operator social conditions – housing, noise, long distances to and from work Vehicle ergonomics

17. Causes of Poor Traffic management Leading the change to zero harm Older mine design principles Mine capacity expansion increase risk. Upsizing of trucks. Contractors – larger fleets of smaller vehicles Smaller/cheaper machines are more vulnerable. Some mines do not apply industry standards Visibility around vehicles Poor Safety Culture Restricted space for mine to design optimum separation  People walking/being where they should not be  Drivers not adhering to safety rules  Production / Safety focus  Enforcement of rules / compliance

18. Potential Leading Practices Leading the change to zero harm Fatigue Management Practice Elements Shift Cycles – daylight and 4x4 Forced Fatigue breaks and procedures to freshen up Accommodation, diet and rest Education of risk and social behaviour impact Medical condition assessments - monthly Annual health checks Supervisor/leadership - monitor and one on one feedback Fitness for work testing Operator education and competence standards and assessment Fatigue prediction monitoring and Incident tracking Guardvant PRIZM (Fatigue management) Safe Cap / Smart Cap DSS seeing machines ASTiD – (Steering motion monitoring)

19. Potential Leading Practices Leading the change to zero harm Traffic Management Elements Separation/Design Practices for: Loading Tipping Haul Roads Shift Changes Workshops Hard Parks Field maintenance and repair Separation Techniques Physical Time Zoning GEO Fencing

20. Potential Leading Practices Leading the change to zero harm Detection (Engineering Controls) Detection of objects/machines Detect objects – vehicles, (LV,HV) Fuelling -Warn Detect objects – vehicles, (LV,HV) Fuelling -Inhibit motion Detection of People Detect People – warn Detect People –Inhibit motion Consequence Minimisation LV protection HV guards/bumpers Administrative Physical Zoning Rules and procedures Spotters

21. Relevant Trends and Policies Leading the change to zero harm Global trend is towards collision avoidance - OC EMESRT initiative machine OEM focus Local developments TMM Mining Regulations Fatigue Management Proximity Warning Collision Avoidance Stopping of diesel machines New TMM Guideline

22. Draft PDS Regulation Requirements (y = required; x = not required) (** (Y) Future requirements is to install full Collision Avoidance Systems) Between TMM & PedestriansBetween TMM & TMM For Electrical Machines SurfaceU/GSurfaceU/G Detect yyxx Warnyyxx Retardyyxx Auto Brakeyyxx Fail to safety without human intervention yyxx Between TMM & PedestriansBetween TMM & TMM For Diesel Machines SurfaceU/G**Surface**U/G Detectxy (Y) x Warnxy (Y) x Retardxx (Y) x Auto Brakexx (Y) x Fail to safety without human intervention xx (Y) x

23. PDS, CA and MI Leading the change to zero harm Definitions: Proximity Detection System (PDS) A safety system with a functionality to warn operators of machines and pedestrians of close proximity of each other. Collision Avoidance Systems (CAS) A safety system with a function to warn operators of machines and pedestrians of close proximity of each other with further functionality to slow down and/or stop the machine to avoid a collision if the operator of the machine does not take appropriate action to avoid a possible collision. Motion Inhibition (MI) Motion inhibition is defined as a safety function on a TMM that while a still standing TMM is sensing the presence of either a person or a LDV within a predefined danger zone

24. PDS & CA Leading the change to zero harm The team debated the possibility to propose to industry to choose Proximity Detection / Collision Avoidance as a Leading Practice for open pit/cast operations. This was mainly due to the anticipated regulation of such practice for TMMs. Within the context of PDS the following was identified: Multiple fatality risk RP 35 provide guidance for functionality selection Possible legislation Must be risk informed

25. Risk Impact Leading the change to zero harm Of the 38 fatalities analysed: 7 (20%) could have been prevented with a MI functionality on the TMM. 1 (2.9%) could have been prevented with a Vehicle To Vehicle CA functionality. 8 (22.9%) could have been prevented with a Vehicle To Person CA functionality. For the rest none of above would have prevented the fatality. Note: At the time of this report a proven CA system for all types of Open Pit/Cast TMMs was not available.

26. Relevant Trends and Policies Leading the change to zero harm Fatigue Guideline Securing and maintaining senior management commitment; Establishing a fatigue management committee; Developing policy and programme; Managing fatigue; Communicating policy and fatigue management plan; Information, education and communication; and Monitoring, reviewing and modifying. Labour Representation Developments

27. Behavioural Communication Leading the change to zero harm Danie to prepare

28. Behavioural Communication Leading the change to zero harm Danie to prepare

29. Leadership Behaviour Leading the change to zero harm Danie to prepare

30. Selection Criteria for Leading Practice Leading the change to zero harm Potential Impact on Occupational Health and Safety Performance Cost constraints Time constraints Policy constraints Readiness for adoption Operational conflict Social impact

31. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 20013 AFRISAM - DUDFIELD AFRISAM - ZEEKOEWATER QUARRY WITBANK AFRISAM -ULCO ANGLOGOLD METAL APOLLO BRICK(PTY)LTDCY ARTHUR TAYLER OPENCAST ATCOM (COAL) B & E CRADOCK QUARRY B & E SILICA MINE, GROENFONTEIN, DELMAS BADENHORST DIAMANTE BADEROUKE MINE(PTY)LTD BLUE ROCK QUARRY (QUARTZITE) EAST LONDON BOLEKANE TRADING BOOYSENDAL PLATINUM MINE BRICKVELD(PTY)LTD BRITTEN KALKMYN, KAREEPAN, TVL BROCHETTO (SAND)

32. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 2013 BUFFELS CHROME MINE BURK MINING (PTY)LTD CABRICO(PTY)LTD COPPER SLATE (TEMP CODE) COROBRIK - ODENDAALSRUST QUARRY CROWN GOLD RECOVERIES DE BEERS - KIMBERLEY MINES DE BEERS - VENETIA DE BEERS - VOORSPOED DE KOP QUARRY - NIEUWE RUST DOMINIUM REEFS URANIUM MINE EX RIETKUIL DONKERHOEK QUARTZITE (PTY) LTD DRIFT SUPER SAND DROOGEHOUT NO 44 EASTERN CHROME

33. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 2013 ELAND PLATINUM MINE ETRUSCAN - HARTBEESLAAGTE FOLOVHODWE MINING FOSKOR (PHOSPHATES) MINE, LETABA TVL GLISA COLLIERY, GRAHAMSTOWN BRICK GRASPAN COLLIERY GROENVALLEI COLLIERY (COAL) CAROLINA TVL GROOTEGELUK COAL MINE WATERBERG HAKHANO COLLERY HELAM DIAMOND MINE, SWARTRUGGENS TVL IDWALA CARBONATES ISIBONELO COLLIERY KALGOLD OPERATION KHUMANI MINE KLEINKOPJE COLLIERY

34. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 2013 KLIPSPRUIT COLLIERY KOFFIEFONTEIN EMPOWERMENT JV LAFARGE LICHTENBURG LAFARGE: MOREGROVE QUARRY LANDAU (KROMDRAAI) COLLIERY LEEUWKOP LELIEFONTEIN COAL (TEMP CODE) MAJENG MINING (PTY) LTD MAMATWAN MANGANESE MINE, MANHATTAN – KAMEELDRIFT MANROTRADE SEVENTEEN MAPOCHS MARX DELWERY MASHALA RESOURCES MIDDELBURG MINE SERVICES MIDDELKRAAL COLLIERY MOGALAKWENA PLATINUM

35. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 20013 MOOIFONTEIN COLLIERY MOOIPLAATS COLLIERY MOROKWA MANGANESE NAMAKWA SANDS LTD NEW CONSORT GOLD MINE BARBERTON NEW VAAL COLLIERY, NIGEL BRICK & CLAY, NORWESCO COLLIERY OCON BRICKS PLANT 11 OPTIMUM COLLIERY, OTTOSSHOOP HOLDINGS PTY,LTD PAARDEPLAATS(EASTSIDE)COLLIERY CAROLINA PALESA COLLIERY PPC: LIMEACRES PPC: RIEBEEK PPC: SLURRY

36. Potential Adopter Mines Leading the change to zero harm Open Cast/Pit mines with Fatalities or Lost Time Injuries 2008 – 2013 TRANS HEX BLOEDDRIFT TRICHARD CRUSHERS UNITED MANGANESE OF KALAHARI VAAL RIVER OPS VERGENOEG FLUORSPAR MINE VLAKVARKFONTEIN VOLCANO BRICK W G WEARNE(PTY)LTD WBJV PROJECT WESSELS MINE, WG WEARNE WOLWEKRANS COLLIERY