1. Combustion Reactions

2. Recall Most chemical reactions fall into the five families of reactions that we will be studying in our course: 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition 3. Single Displacement 4. Double Displacement 5. Combustion Today we will focus the last family of reactions: combustion.

3. Hydrocarbons Organic compounds are ones that contain carbon as its building blocks. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds of hydrogen and carbon in various combinations. 95% of all hydrocarbons are burned as fuels because the combustion reaction is exothermic (releases heat).

4. Naming of Hydrocarbons Carbon is an element that can bond with up to 4 others. As a result, hydrocarbons form a predictable chain-like structure. Some examples Methane (CH 4 ) Ethane (C 2 H 6 ) Propane (C 3 H 8 )

5. Hydrocarbon Naming Chart For our course, to name hydrocarbons is simple. Use the prefix chart below and add –ane as the suffix. NumberPrefixNumberPrefix 1meth-6hex- 2eth-7hept- 3prop-8oct- 4but-9non- 5pent-10dec-

6. Combustion Reaction Have the skeleton form: This reaction is when we have complete combustion only. Hydrocarbon + OxygenCarbon Dioxide + Water

7. Problems with Incomplete Combustion In order for a combustion reaction to be complete, proper access to oxygen is important. Should there be an insufficient supply of oxygen, the toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) can be produced. This is called incomplete combustion. In your homes, insufficient oxygen supplies for any combustion (i.e furnace) can be caused by blocked intakes / vents from the outdoors amongst other things. This is why all homes must have a CO detector.

8. Example #1 Given the word equation of the single displacement reaction below, determine the balanced chemical equation. Butane + Oxygen Gas  Carbon Dioxide + Water

9. Solution C 4 H 10 + O2O2 CO 2 + H2OH2O # RAtom# P C H 41 10 2 20 O 2 3 13 4 4 9 5 10 13 13/2 26 2 8 10 13 8 8 20 21 26

10. Homework P.251 #2,3 P.258 #7, 9 (quiz review)