1. Kinesiology

2. Kinesiology Kinesiology-the multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement (AKA: the study of movement) Kinesiology- includes anatomy, biomechanics, physiology and psychomotor behavior

3. Kinesiology Articular System-series of joints that allow movement of the human body. Joint Articulation-the connecting point of two bones. Arthrology-the study of joints

4. Kinesiology Classification of Joints Classification of Joints Synarthroses- immovable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissueSynarthroses- immovable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissue 1. sutures-joints with a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue, found only in the skull 2. syndesmosis-bones connected by ligaments, found between tibia and fibula 3. Gomphosis-conical process fits into a socket, found in teeth

5. Kinesiology Classification of Joints Classification of Joints Amphiarthroses-slightly movable joint that is connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Found in the ribs, symphysis pubis and spine.Amphiarthroses-slightly movable joint that is connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Found in the ribs, symphysis pubis and spine.

6. Kinesiology Classification of Joints Classification of Joints Diarthroses or Synovial Joints-Diarthroses or Synovial Joints- freely movable joints. They freely movable joints. They have articular cartilage cover- have articular cartilage cover- ing the bones and are separated ing the bones and are separated by a space called the joint cavity. by a space called the joint cavity. Joint capsule is the what encases the joint Joint capsule is the what encases the joint The outer layer of the capsule is the ligaments The outer layer of the capsule is the ligaments The inner layer is the synovial membrane that secrets synovial fluid into the joint. The inner layer is the synovial membrane that secrets synovial fluid into the joint.

7. Kinesiology Classification of Synovial Joints Classification of Synovial Joints Pivot Joint- freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, ex: radius and ulnaPivot Joint- freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, ex: radius and ulna Gliding Joint- allows bones to make a sliding motion, ex: joints in the carpals of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle.Gliding Joint- allows bones to make a sliding motion, ex: joints in the carpals of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle. Hinge Joint- allows flexion and extension, ex: knee, elbow, fingersHinge Joint- allows flexion and extension, ex: knee, elbow, fingers

8. Kinesiology Classification of Synovial Joints Classification of Synovial Joints Condyloid Joint- where bones can move about one another in many directions, but cannot rotate. A Condyle fit into a fossa. Ex: ulna/radius to wrist bonesCondyloid Joint- where bones can move about one another in many directions, but cannot rotate. A Condyle fit into a fossa. Ex: ulna/radius to wrist bones Ball and Socket Joint- rounded end that fits into a concave cavity on another bone. Ex: hips and shouldersBall and Socket Joint- rounded end that fits into a concave cavity on another bone. Ex: hips and shoulders Saddle Joint- both concave or convex surface, ONLY Ex: thumbsSaddle Joint- both concave or convex surface, ONLY Ex: thumbs

9. Kinesiology The Synovial Joints have 18 movements The Synovial Joints have 18 movements The stability of a joint is determined: The stability of a joint is determined: By the shape of the bones where they come togetherBy the shape of the bones where they come together By the ligaments that join the bonesBy the ligaments that join the bones By the muscle tone in the area of the jointBy the muscle tone in the area of the joint

10. Planes of movement Frontal Plane- vertical plane running from side to side. It divides your body into front and back. Frontal Plane- vertical plane running from side to side. It divides your body into front and back.

11. Planes of movement Lateral Plane- vertical plane running from front to back. It divides your body into right and left side. Lateral Plane- vertical plane running from front to back. It divides your body into right and left side.

12. Planes of movement Transverse Plane- is a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower. Transverse Plane- is a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower.

13. Kinesiology Movements of Synovial Joints Movements of Synovial Joints Flexion-decrease angle between 2 bonesFlexion-decrease angle between 2 bones Extension-increase angle between 2 bonesExtension-increase angle between 2 bones Hyperextension-increase angle between 2 bones beyond the normal range of motion(ROM).Hyperextension-increase angle between 2 bones beyond the normal range of motion(ROM).

14. Kinesiology Movements of Synovial Joints Movements of Synovial Joints Abduction-Limbs only-limb moves away from the midline of the body.Abduction-Limbs only-limb moves away from the midline of the body. Adduction-Limbs only-limb moves toward the midline of the body.Adduction-Limbs only-limb moves toward the midline of the body. Rotation-when a boneRotation-when a bone turns on its axis towards or away from the midline of the body

15. Movements of Synovial Joints Movements of Synovial Joints Circumduction- the ability of a limb to move in a circular path around an axis.Circumduction- the ability of a limb to move in a circular path around an axis. Supination- moving into a supine position.Supination- moving into a supine position. Pronation- moving into a prone position.Pronation- moving into a prone position. Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, “planting the foot”Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, “planting the foot” Dorsiflexion- bringing the toes upDorsiflexion- bringing the toes up

16. Kinesiology Movements of Synovial JointsMovements of Synovial Joints Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, “planting the foot” Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, “planting the foot” Dorsiflexion- bringing the toes up Dorsiflexion- bringing the toes up

17. Kinesiology Movements of Synovial Joints Movements of Synovial Joints Inversion- turns the sole of the foot inward, medially.Inversion- turns the sole of the foot inward, medially. Eversion- turns the sole of the foot outward, laterally.Eversion- turns the sole of the foot outward, laterally. Protraction- occurs in the transverse plane, moving the body part forwardProtraction- occurs in the transverse plane, moving the body part forward Retraction- occurs in the transverse plane, moving the body part backwardRetraction- occurs in the transverse plane, moving the body part backward

18. Kinesiology Movements of Synovial Joints Movements of Synovial Joints Elevation- occurs in the frontal plane, lifting the body part superiorly, upward.Elevation- occurs in the frontal plane, lifting the body part superiorly, upward. Depression- occurs in the frontal plane,Depression- occurs in the frontal plane, moving the part inferiorly, downward. moving the part inferiorly, downward. Opposition- moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers.

19. Kinesiology Closed kinematic chain- movement or exercise where the end of the chain is fixed. Closed kinematic chain- movement or exercise where the end of the chain is fixed. Open kinematic chain- movement or exercise where the end of the chain is free. Open kinematic chain- movement or exercise where the end of the chain is free.

20. Go Do-Write-Instruct 2 exercise in the frontal plane 2 exercise in the frontal plane 2 exercise in the lateral plane 2 exercise in the lateral plane 2 exercise in the transverse plane 2 exercise in the transverse plane 2 of the above must be closed chain 2 of the above must be closed chain 2 of the above must be open chain 2 of the above must be open chain