1. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 VBP035 Perform Microbiological Procedures in the Food Industry DHS V1.2 2011

3. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Antibiotic sensitivity

4. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bacterial classification  Wall structure  Gram +  Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus  Gram -  Enteric, respiratory and others  Acid-fast  Mycobacterium  Wall-less  Mycoplasma  Unusual  Obligate intracellular  Rickettsia, Chlamydia G+ G- AF WL IC Bacteria

5. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bacterial classification  Cell morphology  Shapes  Rod  Cocci  Spiral  Associations  Individual  Diplo-  Staphylo-  Strepto- G+ G- AF WL IC Bacteria Rod CocciRod Cocci Spiral

6. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis  Type of colonies  Appearance  Color, shape, size and smoothness  On differential media  Blood, MacConkey, EMB  On selective media  MacConkey, EMB

7. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis  Metabolism  Utilization of specific substrates  Lactose (Sal/Shi/Yer/) -  Citrate (E. coli-/Klebsiella + )  Production of certain end products  Fermentation end products  Acid (acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid etc.)  Acetoin  Alcohol  Amine  H 2 S

8. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis  Specialized tests  Immunological  O-, H- & K-Ag (serotype)  Precipitation, agglutination  Specialized enzymes  Catalase--- Staph +. vs. Strep -.  Coagulase---S. aureus + vs. S. epidermidis -  Oxidase---Neisseria gonorrhoea +  Urease---Proteus +, Helicobacter +  Antibiogram pattern  Phage typing  Fatty acid profile

9. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Immunological detection

10. Conventional diagnosis methods

11. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Conventional method  Depend on ability to culture  Treponema pallidum  Slow, esp. for fastidious species  Mycobacterium spp.  Not always definitive

12. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Molecular diagnosis  Ribotyping  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)  DNA hybridization  PCR, RT-PCR and RAPD  Nucleic acid sequence analysis  Phage-GFP (TB)

13. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 RFLP GGATCC CCTAGG

14. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 DNA hybridization

15. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 In situ Hybridization

16. Rate of increase 2 n PCRRT-PCR

17. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 RAPD of P. aeruginosa

18. Molecular diagnosis  Reduce reliance on culture  Faster  More sensitive  More definitive  More discriminating  Techniques adaptable to all pathogens  Technically demanding  Relatively expensive  Can be too sensitive  Provides no information if results are negative

19. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bioterrorism  Pathogen detection  Fast and accurate  Mobile  Inexpensive  Source investigation

20. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Differentiating Staphylococci from Streptococci  Gram stain and morphology  Both Gram +  Staphylococci: bunched cocci  Streptococci: chained cocci (S. pneumoniae form diplococcus)  Enzyme tests  Staphylococci: catalase +  Streptococci: catalase -  Growth  Staph.: large colonies (non-fastidious), some hemolytic  Strep.: small colonies (fastidious), many hemolytic (  or  )

21. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Staphylococci  S. aureus: coagulase +  S. epidermidis: coagulase -

22. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Streptococci

23. CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Differentiating the Gram - bacteria  Cocci  Neisseria  Rods  Type of disease they cause  Enteric Gram - rods  API test  Curved  Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter  Spiral Gram - organisms  Spirochetes

24. Gram negative Straight rods Curved rods Lactose+ Lactose- Citrate+ Citrate-H 2 S+ H 2 S- Klebsiella E. coli Salmonella Shigella Campy blood agar 42 o C+ 25 o C- Campylobacter TCBS agar Yellow Oxidase+ Vibrio