1. Chapter Fourteen Weight Management

2. National Institute of Health Standards (2004) 65% of Americans are considered overweight65% of Americans are considered overweight Factors such as increased caloric consumption and reduced physical activity contributed to the increaseFactors such as increased caloric consumption and reduced physical activity contributed to the increase Successful weight management requires the long-term coordination of many aspects of a wellness lifestyleSuccessful weight management requires the long-term coordination of many aspects of a wellness lifestyle

3. Identify Basic Concepts of Weight Management Body Composition = fat free mass versus body fatBody Composition = fat free mass versus body fat Essential Body fat = fat tissue crucial for normal body functioningEssential Body fat = fat tissue crucial for normal body functioning Storage fat = adipose tissue often located just below the skin and around major organsStorage fat = adipose tissue often located just below the skin and around major organs Body fat percentage = proportion of the body’s total weight that is fatBody fat percentage = proportion of the body’s total weight that is fat Energy Balance = using calories that you eat to maintain vital body functions at an equal levelEnergy Balance = using calories that you eat to maintain vital body functions at an equal level

4. Determining Proper Weight and/or Body Composition Height/weight tableHeight/weight table Body Mass Index (Figure 14-3)Body Mass Index (Figure 14-3) Electrical Impedance AnalysisElectrical Impedance Analysis Scanning ProceduresScanning Procedures Obesity is defined as excessive body fat

5. Determining Proper Weight and/or Body Composition, cont’d Skinfold Measurements via calipersSkinfold Measurements via calipers Hydrostatic WeighingHydrostatic Weighing AppearanceAppearance

6. Health Risks of Excess Body Fat Obesity doubles mortality rates and reduces life expectancy by 10-20 yearsObesity doubles mortality rates and reduces life expectancy by 10-20 years Associated with high cholesterol and triglyceride levelsAssociated with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels Promotes forms of heart disease as well as the following:Promotes forms of heart disease as well as the following: CancerCancer Impaired immune systemImpaired immune system Gall bladder and kidney diseaseGall bladder and kidney disease Bone and Joint disordersBone and Joint disorders Diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus

7. Body Fat Distribution Distribution of body fat is an important indicator of healthDistribution of body fat is an important indicator of health “Apple” shape refers to storage of body fat in the upper regions of the body (abdominals)“Apple” shape refers to storage of body fat in the upper regions of the body (abdominals) “Pear’ shape refers to storage of body fat in the lower extremities (thighs, legs, buttocks)“Pear’ shape refers to storage of body fat in the lower extremities (thighs, legs, buttocks) Abdominal fat is more easily mobilized and sent to the bloodstream, increasing the risk for disease promotionAbdominal fat is more easily mobilized and sent to the bloodstream, increasing the risk for disease promotion

8. Problems Associated with Very Low Levels of Body Fat Health experts have deemed low levels of body fat for men at <5%, and women at <8%Health experts have deemed low levels of body fat for men at <5%, and women at <8% Excess leanness has been linked to the following:Excess leanness has been linked to the following: Muscle wastingMuscle wasting Reproductive, circulatory, and immune system disordersReproductive, circulatory, and immune system disorders FatigueFatigue Eating disordersEating disorders Women are particularly prone towards the following:Women are particularly prone towards the following: Female athlete triad conceptFemale athlete triad concept amenorrheaamenorrhea Let lifestyle be your guide for proper weight and body fat percentage

9. Factors Contributing to Obesity GeneticsGenetics Physiological factors (fat cells)Physiological factors (fat cells) Hormonal factorsHormonal factors Metabolic factorsMetabolic factors Carbohydrate cravingCarbohydrate craving

10. Lifestyle Factors Contributing to Obesity Cultural factorsCultural factors Psycho-social factorsPsycho-social factors Psychological factorsPsychological factors InactivityInactivity Dietary Practices (Eating)Dietary Practices (Eating)

11. Successful Weight Management Techniques Dietary AlterationsDietary Alterations Balanced diet via Portion controlBalanced diet via Portion control Fad dietsFad diets Low Calorie Foods and Controlled Serving SizesLow Calorie Foods and Controlled Serving Sizes Controlled fastingControlled fasting Commercial weight reduction programsCommercial weight reduction programs

12. Weight Management Techniques, Physical Intervention Hunger and Satiety Influencing ProductsHunger and Satiety Influencing Products Prescription drugsPrescription drugs Surgical methods via medical supervisionSurgical methods via medical supervision Psychological assistancePsychological assistance

13. Behavior Change Strategies You Can Perform By Yourself ExerciseExercise Dietary modificationsDietary modifications Lifestyle support through weight loss programsLifestyle support through weight loss programs Problem solvingProblem solving Redefining ‘Health’ by reading booksRedefining ‘Health’ by reading books

14. Identify Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosaBulimia nervosa Binge eating disorderBinge eating disorder Treatment is hospital-based and concerns behavioral and medical intervention

15. Treating Eating Disorders Treatment is considered multimodal and multidimensionalTreatment is considered multimodal and multidimensional Individual, group, or family counselingIndividual, group, or family counseling Possible in-house patient hospitalizationPossible in-house patient hospitalization Behavioral and/or cognitive therapyBehavioral and/or cognitive therapy Medications e.g. anti-depressants or appetite stimulatorsMedications e.g. anti-depressants or appetite stimulators

16. Chapter Fourteen Weight Management