1. CHAPTER 5 : ENERGY AND ENERGY RESOURCES

2.  Energy is the ______________________.  The energy in the fireworks causes the changes you see as bursting flashes of _________ and ________as loud booms.  A ______uses the energy from the _______and makes food that it uses for growth.  Energy can cause changes in the ___________and ___________of objects. WHAT IS ENERGY?

3.  Kinetic energy is the ____________________________________.  All moving objects have kinetic energy***.  Figure 2  An object’s kinetic energy depends of its ____________. The faster an object moves, _____________________________________.  An object’s KE also depends on _________.  If two objects move at the same speed, the object with _____________ has more KE. KINETIC ENERGY-ENERGY OF MOTION

4.  Energy can be present even if objects are not moving.  Potential energy is ___________________ _______________________________________ _________________________________  Forms of potential energy  ____________________ potential  ______________ potential  ________________potential POTENTIAL ENERGY- STORED ENERGY

5.  How do you increase an object’s GPE between a backpack and Earth?  By ________________up the backpack  GPE stored between an object and Earth depends on _________and _________.  Bowling ball from 1 m or tennis ball from 1 m? _____________________  Bowling ball from 3 m or from 1 m? ___ GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

6.  Elastic potential energy is energy stored in objects __________________________ ____________ such as ___________and ___________________.  When you release the end of the rubber band, the elastic energy is getting transformed into what type of energy?  _________________________ ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

7.  _________and _______________are made of atoms joined together by chemical bonds.  Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the ________________________________.  Your _______ uses the CPE in _________for all its ____________.  Use CPE in _____________ to ________________ and ___________. CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

8.  You transfer __________by doing work.  Work depends on both ___________ and _______________.  If you cannot lift the object, do you do work? ________________  Do you transfer energy? ____________  An object that has energy can do work.  Energy – ________________________________  Bowling ball hits pin. ___________________ is transferred to the pin ENERGY AND WORK

9.  Energy is measure in ______________.  Mechanical energy: the ______ energy of an object or group of objects due to _________ _______________________________________  ME increases when a player shoots a basketball  Sound energy: the energy _______________ __________________  __________________ objects emit SE. OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY

10.  Thermal energy: energy _________________ _________________________________________  Moves from ___________ objects to ____________ objects  When you heat objects, you transfer TE to those objects.  Electric energy: energy that an _____________ ___________________________  Electric appliances change electric energy into other forms CONTINUED…

11.  Radiant energy- Light energy: energy that _____________________________________ _  The Sun gives off energy that travels to Earth as ________________________ waves. It can travel through a vacuum  __________ and ___________waves  Light waves, microwaves, radio waves  Which ones are which? CONTINUED…

12.  Nuclear energy: energy that is stored in the _____________________________________.  In a nuclear power plant, NE is released when the nuclei of ____________ atoms are split apart ( The splitting of atoms is also called ___________ ). CONTINUED…

13.  Changes Between Forms of Energy  Microwave  __________to _________ to __________  Energy transformations  Television  _________ to _________ to _________ LESSON 2:ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

14.  Figure 6 on page 170  Basketball ____________________ upwards  _______________________ downwards  The speed and height change as energy changes from one form to another  GPE and KE CHANGES BETWEEN KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

15.  The ball is moving the __________ and has the most ____as it leaves your hand.  KE _______________as it moves upwards  PE is ______________  KE is changing into PE  At the highest point: ________ is greatest and _______ is the least KE TO PE

16.  As the ball moves downward, ______ decreases  _________ increases : _______ increases  PE into KE  When it reaches the player’s hands again, the ______ is at the max again PE TO KE

17. EEnergy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but ____________ ____________________________________ TThe total amount of energy in the universe ___________________________. THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

18.  Bicycle  Mechanical energy is transformed into _________________ energy  Total amount of energy does not change  Thermal energy causes the brakes, wheels, and the air around the bike to become ________________.  Friction between the bike’s brake pads and moving wheels transforms _____ to _____. FRICTION AND THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

19.  Some ME is always transformed into _____ when two surfaces ______together.  It is easier to pedal with ________________  With that, ______ME is transformed into TE  How to we reduce friction?  Applying ___________ to surfaces that rub past each other  _________ and ___________  Page 171 Figure 7 CONTINUED

20.  Using TE  All forms of energy can be transformed into ____________.  Use to cook food  Gas stove: ______to TE  Space heater: ______to TE USING ENERGY

21.  Your body transforms ____from your food into _____for movement and _____ to keep you warm  During photosynthesis, the Sun’s ______ transforms into ______ that is stored in _____________________ of the leaves  http://www.phschool.com/science/biolo gy_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview. html http://www.phschool.com/science/biolo gy_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview. html USING CHEMICAL ENERGY

22.  Cell phone sends & receives __________ through microwaves  Listening: _____to ____ to _____  Speaking: ____ to _____ to _____ USING RADIANT ENERGY

23.  Many devices use EE  Hairdryers  Uses EE from ___________________________  Video games  Uses the _____stored in batteries into EE USING ELECTRIC ENERGY

24.  When energy changes forms, ____ is always released.  Lightbulb  EE to RE  Some EE is transformed into TE  Makes the bulb _______  Some of the TE moves into the air and _____________________ WASTE ENERGY

25.  TE that cannot be used is _______ energy  Whenever energy is used, some energy is transformed into _______ energy and some is transformed into _______energy.  Driving cars  CE in gas to make it move  Most CE ends up as WE- TE that moves into the air. Why? _________________________ WASTE ENERGY

26.  Almost all the energy you use can be traced back to the __________  Food, gasoline, coal, and wood  The amount of energy that comes from the Sun each day is 5,000 times greater than the amount of energy that comes from inside Earth. LESSON 3: ENERGY RESOURCES

27. MMuch of the energy you use every day is in the form of _______________ energy. CComes from electric power plants EEPP transforms the energy in an energy source into EE TThree main energy sources _______, _____ contained in uranium, _____ in falling water ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

28.  An energy resource that is available in _________ amounts or that is ____________ _______________________________________  _____________________  The remains of ancient organisms that can be __________as an energy source  They are being used much faster than they form  _______, _____________, and _______________  Copy figure 11 into notebooks NONRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

29.  _____________ and _______________ formed from microscopic ________organisms that died and sank to the _______________________  They are buried under sediment and rock  The increasing _______ and _____________ from the weight of the sediment and rock changed the organisms into petroleum and natural gas  ______ formed from _______ that died millions of years ago & buried under layers of sediment and rock THE FORMATION OF FOSSIL FUELS

30.  Fossil fuels form from organisms that changed ______ from the Sun into ______.  Fossil fuels burn which changes CPE to ___  Using Petroleum  _______________, ____________, _________, _______________  _________cars, trucks, & planes, and _________buildings  Petroleum is used as a raw material in making ______________ and other materials USING FOSSIL FUEL

31.  EPP burn about _______ of the coal used in US  Heat buildings and produce steel and concrete  Burning coal produces more ___________  When these react with water vapor, acid rain is created  Very harmful to organisms such as trees and fish USING COAL

32.  Half of all homes use natural gas for ____________  EPP burn about ________ of the natural gas in the US  Burning natural gas produces ________ pollution than burning other fossil fuels USING NATURAL GAS

33.  Burning fossil fuels releases _______ ________________into Earth’s atmosphere  Helps keep Earth’s surface ____________  Over the past 100 years, Earth’s surface has warmed by about.7 degrees Celsius/ 33 degrees Fahrenheit  Due to the increasing amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels FOSSIL FUELS AND GLOBAL WARMING

34. TTransform Nuclear energy from uranium nuclei into TE FFound in certain minerals TThey are no longer being formed inside _________ IIs a ___________________ energy resource NUCLEAR ENERGY

35.  Breaking down uranium nuclei, changes NE into ________  TE changes ________ into ________ that spins the turbine  Spinning changes TE into _______  The turbine spins a ______________, changing ME into _______  Does not release pollutants into the air  Produce ______________________________ NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

36.  Nuclear waste contains _______________ materials that harm living things  Remain radioactive for _________  Almost all nuclear waste in the US is currently stored at the NPP where this waste is produced STORING NUCLEAR WASTE

37.  An energy resource that it is __________ ____________________________________  ____________________ Power Plants  Most widely used renewable energy resource is ___________________________  The water behind the dam has _____  As the water falls through tunnels in the dam, the PE transforms into _______ RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

38.  The KE in falling water spins a turbine  The turbine spins a generator changing the KE into ______  HPP ______________________ pollutants  Dams can disturb the life cycle of some wildlife HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

39.  Radiant energy from the ______  Solar energy is also an _________________ energy resource  An energy that ___________________________  Less than about _______ of the energy used in the US comes directly from the Sun  SE is converted directly into ______ by ______ _______  RE into EE when sunlight hits the solar panels  Placed on ____________ SOLAR ENERGY

40.  In another ______________ energy resource  Converts the ______ in wind into ______  Wind spins a propeller that is connected to an electric generator  Turbines produce no pollution  Present where the avg. wind speed is _____ ______________ WIND ENERGY

41.  ___________________ energy resource  Burn materials such as ________, _________, _______________ to stay warm and cook food  Come from plants and animals  Is converted into fuels that can be burned in engines of cars  ___________________  _____________the use of gasoline  Therefore, _______________ will last longer BIOMASS

42.  TE from inside _______________  Comes from the decay of radioactive nuclei deep inside Earth  GE produces ________________________ of hot water and steam  Geothermal ___________________  Wells can be drilled to reach these and transforms the _______ into ________  Figure 17 on page 182 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

43.  Fossil fuels are ______ of the energy used in the US  Supply is ______________  Shortages are possible  By conserving energy, we can reduce the rate at which the energy is used  Avoid wasting energy  Page 184 chart! CONSERVING ENERGY RESOURCES