1. Understanding Renewables Micro Renewables - Costs & Planning Clean Energy Consultancy Ltd Impartial Renewable Technology Specialists Andrew Robertson MSc, MIDHEE

2. Presentation Content  Renewable technology funding  FITs, ROCs & RHI Scheme  Renewable technology performance & planning overview  Micro wind turbines  Small scale solar PV >50 kWp  Anaerobic digestion  Biomass district heating/Biomass CHP

3. Technology Funding 20 Year Index linked guaranteed income  RHI Renewable Heating Technology Options  FIT & ROCs Renewable Electricity Technology Options

4. FIT/ROC Technology Options Solar PV (>5MW) FIT Income Anaerobic Digestion FIT Income Biomass CHP ROC Income Micro turbines FIT Income

5. RHI Technology Options Biomass heating GSHP heating ASHP heating Biomass CHP heat

6. FIT & ROC Scheme  Technology owner paid FIT/ROC tariff rate over 20 years  All FIT/ROC income index linked to inflation  FIT/ROC income earned/kWh generated irrespective of site electricity usage  Additional income for “exported” electricity  FIT rates (solar/turbines) recently cut by around 70%  ROCs tend to be available for technologies >5MW

7. RHI Scheme  Technology earns RHI income/kWh of eligible heat  RHI income index linked income over 20 years  Eligible heat used for multiple housing, commercial property & manufacturing processing  DECC recently confirmed RHI funding secure to 2021

8. Renewable Technology Overview Micro wind turbines Micro solar PV District heating (AD & biomass) Micro anaerobic digestion (AD) Biomass combined heat & power (CHP)

9. Micro Turbines 5 kW - 15m high 50 kW - 25m high 11 kW - 18m high £30,000 Yield 3,500 kWh/yr £60,000 Yield 20,000 kWh/r £260,000 175,000 kWh/yr

10. Micro Wind Turbine Requirements  Good site wind speed required (min 5.0 m/s)  Exposed location for SW winds  Nearby 3 phase grid connection (max 300 metres)  Ideally 500m> from residential properties  Ideally 100m> from hedges/trees/buildings  Site must typically use 90%> of all generated electricity to be financially viable  Site must have HGV access to install & maintain turbine

11. Micro Wind Turbine Permitted Development  Most turbines do not qualify for permitted development  No permitted development within curtilage of listed buildings or in conservation areas  Stand alone turbines qualify for permitted development based on the following:  Max 11.1 metres high inc blades  Max noise limit of 42dB 1 metre from neighbouring property  Min distance from boundary = turbine height + 10%  Installation must be compliant with MCS Planning Standard  Building mounted turbines qualify based on following:  Max height 3 metres above highest part of the roof inc blades  Max noise limit of 42dB 1 metre from neighbouring property  Min distance from boundary 5 metres  Permitted development must be compliant with MCS Planning Standard

12. Possible Wind Turbine Future Trends  Future FIT funding will stop – it nearly has already!  UK will develop a reconditioned turbine market for 50 kW - 500 kW turbines 30-40 m high units  Planning implications will not change for these reconditioned turbines  Existing turbine sites with smaller 11 kW – 20 kW turbines may consider a reconditioned turbine up grade with same height turbine, to overcome planning, as these turbines will be low cost and may generate higher electricity yields

13. Micro Solar PV 50 kWp solar PV (200 panels) £50,000 2.0 kWp solar PV (8 panels) £3,000 2.0 kWp solar PV Yield: 1,500 kWh (30-40% of house demand) 50.0 kWp solar PV Yield: 40,000 kWh

14. Solar PV – Roof Mounted Permitted Development  Panels should not be installed above the highest part of the roof (excluding the chimney)  Panels should project no more than 200mm from the roof slope or wall surface  The panels must not be installed on a building that is within the grounds of a listed building or on a site designated as a scheduled monument  If your property is in a conservation area, or in a World Heritage Site, panels must not be fitted to a wall which fronts a highway

15. Solar PV – Ground Mounted Permitted Development  Only the first stand alone solar installation will be permitted development. Further installations will require planning permission  No part of the installation should be higher than four metres  The installation should be at least 5m from the boundary of the property  The size of the array should be no more that 9 square metres or 3m wide by 3m deep  Panels should not be installed within boundary of a listed building or a scheduled monument  If the property is in a conservation area, or in a World Heritage Site, no part of the solar installation should be nearer to any highway bounding the house than the part of the house that is nearest to that highway

16. Solar PV Site Considerations  Orientation  Topography  Electrical supply  Neighbouring properties  Planning  Site must use >90% of generated electricity to be financially viable

17. Micro AD 250 kW Plant Layout Maize silage feed stock Main digester Primary digester CHP engine Electricity yield 2,200,000 kWh Heat Yield 1,750,000 kWh

18. AD Operation Summary  AD produces biogas from bacterial breakdown of agricultural or municipal feedstock to operate CHP engine.  CHP engine produces heat & electricity simultaneously for which owner is paid index linked RHI and FIT tariff/kWh for 20 years.  Heat can be used for district heating of multiple buildings such as poultry sheds/offices/housing  Electricity is used on site and surplus is exported to grid

19. AD Operation Summary  Outputs 20 kW – 10 MW (micro AD typically >250 kW)  Agricultural uses farm manure/crops feedstock  Municiple uses household green waste and food waste feedstock  Nearby grid connection always required  Typical site requirements  Site stores 6 months annual feedstock & requires Environment Agency (EA) permit to operate  Large nos of HGV/tractor-trailer vehicle movements  Requires 6 months digestate storage lagoon/tanks regulated by EA  AD Operates 24 hours per day all year

20. AD Electrical Operation

21. AD Planning  AD does not qualify for permitted development  Planning is usually subject to Environment Agency approval  AD that uses third party feedstock needs planning  Digestor and CHP engine must be within bunded area  AD digestate lagoons must be bunded  External feedstock storage must be bunded or have EA approved catchment for surface rainwater and slurry  AD cannot be installed within the grounds of a listed building or on a site designated as a scheduled monument or within a conservation area  Vehicular movements will be high  Local community consultation must be undertaken that covers environmental, transport, biodiversity, health and safety and geology impacts

22. Micro 250 kW AD Plant  £2.0 Million  Electricity~350 homes  Heat ~ 80 homes  Nearby grid connection required  Typically requires 5-10 acres

23. Biomass Heating & CHP Heating  Biomass wood chip or pellet fuel boiler heats multiple buildings via central biomass plant room/fuel store  Micro biomass CHP heats buildings & generates electricity simultaneously (typically 90 kW heat: 40 kW electricity)  Biomass heating typically £100 K - £500 K  Biomass micro CHP typically £400 K - £800 K  Biomass plant room & fuel store  Large buildings due to fuel storage and heavy plant  Emissions and noise often queried by planners but not usually a problem  Buried heat main supplies heat to multiple properties

24. Biomass Plant Room/Fuel Store Buildings Indoor tennis courts Fuel store & plant room @ leisure centre Fuel store & plant room @ medical centre Fuel store & plant room @ residential property

25. Biomass District Heat Trench ground works heat main installation Heat interface between biomass and existing heating system

26. Micro Biomass Boiler & CHP 90 kWth 40 kWe Biomass CHP 90 kW Biomass heating

27. Biomass & CHP Permitted Development  Planning is not required if all work is undertaken within an existing building  If the flue is external, permitted development is allowed assuming the following;  Flues on the rear or side elevation of the building are allowed to a maximum of 1 metre above the highest part of the roof  If the building is listed or in a designated area even if you enjoy permitted development rights it is advisable to check with your local planning authority before a flue is fitted.  In a conservation area the flue should not be fitted on the principal or side elevation if it would be visible from a highway  Additional biomass buildings will require planning

28. Ground & Air Sourced Heat Pumps  Heat pumps heat individual and multiple buildings via a trench or borehole ground collector  GSHP heating typically £30 K - £50 K for a house  ASHP typically £5 K - £10 K for a house  Plant room usually within existing building  GSHPs using trench collectors need approx 55m²/kW  No emissions  ASHP noise often queried by planners. Not usually a problem if located away from neighbouring property  Buried heat main supplies heat to multiple properties as per any district heating scheme

29. Ground & Air Sourced Heat Pumps (GSHPs & ASHPs) ASHP GSHP trench collector

30. Ground Sourced Heat Pumps Trench ground collector Option Borehole ground collector Option

31. ASHP Permitted Development  Development is permitted only if the ASHP installation complies with the Micro Certification Scheme (MCS) or equivalent standards.  The volume of the air source heat pump’s outdoor compressor unit (including housing) must not exceed 0.6 cubic metres.  Only the first installation of an air source heat pump would be permitted development, and only if there is no existing ASHP within the curtilage of the property.  All parts of the air source heat pump must be at least one metre from the property boundary.  Installations on pitched roofs are not permitted development. If installed on a flat roof all parts of the air source heat pump must be at least one metre from the external edge of that roof.

32. GSHP Permitted Development  The installation of a GSHP on domestic premises is usually considered to be permitted development, not needing an application for planning permission.  If you live in a listed building or a conservation area you should contact your council to check on local requirements.

33. Clean Energy Consultancy Ltd Andrew Robertson MSc, MIDHEE Clean Energy Consultancy Ltd Unit 10, The Granary Silfield Road Wymondham NR18 9AU Tel: 01953 798112 Email: andrew@cleanenergyconsultancy.co.uk@cleanenergyconsultancy.co.uk www.cleanenergyconsultancy.co.uk