1. 1 BIOENERGETICS

2. 2 What is Bioenergetics? energyliving systems organisms The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them

3. 3 Energy Required by all organisms May be Kinetic or Potential energy

4. 4 Kinetic Energy Energy of Motion Heat and light energy are examples

5. 5 Potential Energy Energy of position Energy of position Includes energy stored in chemical bonds Includes energy stored in chemical bonds

6. 6 Two Types of Energy Reactions

7. 7 Endergonic Reactions Chemical reaction energy Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 6CO 2 +6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 SUN photons Light Energy (glucose)

8. 8 Exergonic Reactions Chemical reactions releases energy Chemical reactions that releases energy Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O+ ATP (glucose)Energy

9. 9 Metabolic Reactions of Cells

10. 10 What is Metabolism? sum total chemical activities cells The sum total of the chemical activities of all cells.

11. 11 Two Types of Metabolism Anabolic Pathways Anabolic Pathways Catabolic Pathways Catabolic Pathways

12. 12 Anabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions, consume energy(endergonic), build Metabolic reactions, which consume energy (endergonic), to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 SUN lightenergy (glucose)

13. 13 Catabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions release energy (exergonic)breaking down Metabolic reactions which release energy (exergonic) by breaking down complex molecules in simpler compounds Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP (glucose) energy

14. 14 Cellular Energy - ATP

15. 15 ATP Components: Components: 1. adenine: nitrogenous base 2. ribose: five carbon sugar 3.phosphate group: chain of 3 ribose adenine PPP phosphate group

16. 16 Adenosine Triphosphate Three phosphate groups-(two with high energy bonds Three phosphate groups-(two with high energy bonds Last phosphate group (PO 4 ) contains the MOST energy Last phosphate group (PO 4 ) contains the MOST energy

17. 17 Breaking the Bonds of ATP phosphorylation Process is called phosphorylation Occurs continually in cells ATP-ase last PO 4 bond Enzyme ATP-ase can weaken & break last PO 4 bond releasing energy & free PO 4

18. 18 How does ATP work ? enzymes energy-rich glucose Organisms use enzymes to break down energy-rich glucose to release its potential energy adenosine triphosphate(ATP) This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

19. 19 How Much ATP Do Cells Use? each cell 10,000,000 molecules of ATP per second It is estimated that each cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 molecules of ATP per second

20. 20 Coupled Reaction - ATP exergonic hydrolysis ATP endergonic dehydration process transferring phosphate group The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with the endergonic dehydration process by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule. H2OH2OH2OH2O H2OH2OH2OH2O

21. 21 Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H 2 O  ADP + P (exergonic) Hydrolysis (add water) PPP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) PP P + Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

22. 22 Hyrolysis is Exergonic Energy Used by Cells

23. 23 Dehydration of ATP ADP + P  ATP + H 2 O (endergonic ADP + P  ATP + H 2 O (endergonic ) PPP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) PP P + Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Dehydration (Remove H 2 O

24. 24 Dehydration is Endergonic Energy is restored in Chemical Bonds

25. 25 Review

26. 26 How many high energy phosphate bonds does ATP have?

27. 27 Which is true of photosyntheis? Anabolic or Catabolic ExergonicOrEndergonic

28. 28 The breakdown of ATP is due to: DehydrationorHydrolysis H 2 O addedorH 2 O removed

29. 29 Which Reactions are often Coupled in Organisms Hydrolysis or Dehydration Anabolism or Catabolism EndergonicorExergonic BOTH BOTH BOTH

30. 30 Ready for the test? If not, review and try again!!!