1.  Have a 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen  Meaning… They will have the same number of Carbons as Oxygens and twice as many Hydrogens.  Example: Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

2.  Enzyme- special protein that acts as a catalyst in biological processes  Active site- the place on the enzyme where the substrates bind  Substrates- reactants in a chemical reaction than bind to an enzyme  Catalyst- a substance that lowers activation energy which speeds up chemical reaction rates

3.  Activation energy- the energy required to get a chemical reaction started  Denature- to alter the physical structure of a molecule so that the molecule loses some of its original properties  Lock & Key- idea that only substrates of the right shape and size will fit a particular enzyme  Reactants- the molecules or elements that react in a chemical reaction to form products

4.  Products- the molecules or elements that are made as a result of a chemical reaction  Facilitate- to help; enzymes use energy to help chemical reactions (building, transport, etc.) take place

5.  Text this number: (769) 230-3426  Put the code in your text message:  Accelerated code: @4b6f7  Bio I code: @60753  Prebiology code: @prebiol

6. C2.f.

7.  In a cell, energy is released when chemical reactions break chemical bonds.  Ex. When we eat, our body breaks down bonds in food to obtain energy.  The main form of energy for living organisms is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

8.  ATP is used to store and release energy.  ATP is made when organisms break down food such as glucose and starch.

9. Adenine (Base) Ribose (sugar) Phosphates (3 = TRI) Adenosine triphosphate

10. di  With only 2 phosphate groups the molecule is ADP, or adenosine di phosphate.  Think of ADP as a battery that is not fully charged. When the extra phosphate group is added, it becomes fully charged and is ready to release energy.

11. ADPATP 23 Half charge Full charge

12.  ATP is great for storing energy for a short time but not over long periods.  Cells can use the energy from carbohydrates to add phosphate to ADP to create more ATP when needed.  The energy from ATP is used throughout the cell.  Ex. Active transport, respiration, photosynthesis

13.  To release energy, ATP loses one phosphate group.  Breaking this phosphate bond creates ADP and releases energy. ATP – 1 Phosphate ADP + energy Equals

14.  ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.  ATP is used to store and release energy.  ATP is made of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.  To store energy, ADP uses energy from carbohydrates to add a phosphate, which makes ATP.  To release energy, ATP breaks the bond of the last phosphate, which creates ADP.