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Published byDiana Gaines Modified over 8 years ago
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What are these rats learning and how?
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Today’s session You will learn how to...You will learn about... Describe and apply psychological approaches & theories Assess the strengths and weaknesses of psychological approaches (including methods) Behaviourism Operant conditioning Using animals in psychological research
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Learning Classical conditioning – Learning through association of stimuli Operant conditioning – learning new behaviours through the consequences of past
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Operant conditioning BehaviourConsequence Likelihood of repetition “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” (B.F.Skinner) Reinforcement Punishment
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Operant conditioning BehaviourConsequence Likelihood of repetition “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” (B.F.Skinner) Reinforcement Punishment
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Operant conditioning BehaviourConsequence Likelihood of repetition “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” (B.F.Skinner) Reinforcement Punishment
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Operant conditioning Reinforcement – A consequence that strengthens the behaviour that preceded it Punishment – A consequence that weakens the behaviour that preceded it
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Shaping Selective reinforcement of successive closer approximations to a target behaviour.
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Behaviourist Research Behaviourists tried to be scientific in their approach to psychology. Which methods do you think they might prefer? Which might they avoid?
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Behaviourist Research Methods Experiment Observation Quantitative data Use of animals as models of human learning
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Evaluating behaviourism Introduction of scientific methods Application to real-world problems Emphasis on external behaviour rather than internal mental processes Position on the nature-nurture and free will- determinism debates
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