1. AKA … NOVICES TO EXPERTS COGNITIVE LEVELS & DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

2. What do they have that I don’t? NOVICES VS. EXPERTS

3. DEFINING LEARNING Cognitive-Based Frameworks Bloom’s (1956) Revised Bloom’s (Andershon & Krathwohl, 2000) Cognitive Development Frameworks Perry’s Stages of Undergraduate Development Wolcott and Lynch’s Thinking Performance Patterns

4. BLOOM’S

5. REVISED BLOOM’S Exams / Papers? Learning Outcomes? Activities? Assignments?

6. PERRY’S STAGES Exams / Papers? Learning Outcomes? Activities? Assignments?

7. WOLCOTT & LYNCH’S PATTERNS Confused Fact Finder Single Correct Answer Biased Jumper Find only what they are looking for Perpetual Analyzer All is good! Difficulty committing to solution Pragmatic Performer Solution oriented Still in a box Strategic Re- Visioner Expert processing Reflective In it for the long haul Exams / Papers? Learning Outcomes? Activities? Assignments?

8. LITERATURE Bloom, B. & Associates. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives. New York, NY; David McKay. Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohl, D.R. (2000). A taxonomy of learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Perry, W.G. (1968). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Wolcott, S.K. & Lynch, C.L. (2006a). Steps for better thinking performance patterns. Available at http:www. Wolcottlynch.com/EducatorResources.html