1. South Africa Struggles for Freedom 1.Apartheid was devastating to the black majority in South Africa. a. Apartheid: separation of the races ANC b. The ANC led struggle for majority rule.

3. c. In 1960, police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville, a black township.

4. 2. With sanctions from foreign countries, apartheid ended.

5. Desmond Tutu a. 1984, black South African bishop Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent opposition to apartheid.

6. F. W. de Klerk b. Outside pressure and protests at home finally convinced South African president F. W. de Klerk to end apartheid.

7. 3. All South Africans were allowed vote in 1994, electing ANC leader Nelson Mandela president.

8. Nelson Mandela

11. 3.Still, black poverty remains high. a.Whites still own most land b.AIDS is a major health concern