1. By Anna Hudson and Bailey Gilbert

2.  The Afrikaner Party took control in the 1940s  Apartheid enactment laws in 1948  Public Registration laws in 1950

3.  Department of Home Affairs handled all classification of race  Black Africans were forced to carry “pass book”  Non-compliance resulted in harsh penalties, including death

4.  In 1951, the Bantu Authorities Act established “homelands”  Each African was assigned by record of origin  Restricted to homelands, no longer African citizens

5.  4 were created from 1976 to 1981  Passports were necessary to leave  No political rights

6.  Passed in 1953  Declare state of emergency  Increase penalties

7.  1960, a group refused to carry passes  It lasted for 156 days  69 were dead, 187 wounded

8.  Led African National Congress  Defied Government in public  Did not like violence  Put in prison in 1962 with a twenty- seven year sentence

9.  Shared Nobel Peace Prize with F.W. deKlerk in 1993  Ended apartheid and brought a nonracial democracy  Successfully had a peaceful transition

10.  Three years after release black africans allowed to vote  Elected president with a 62% majority  Nations first black president  Retired in 1999

11.  5 out of 6 students knew nothing about apartheids  “I was amazed it had happened so recently.” -Anonymous  “How do I not know this?” - Carson

12.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =2-_r6B_Z188&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =2-_r6B_Z188&feature=related

13. http://www.mrdowling.com/609-mandela.html http://www-cs- students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid.hist.html