1. Western Europe …From inconsequential to insanely competitive Mrs. Kirkpatrick : Social Studies 8

2. Are you ready? Use 3 words to sum up the reasons why western Europe put so much effort into exploration.

3. God, Gold & Glory Desire for luxury goods Overland routes treacherous Advanced Asian technologies Desire to spread Christianity Why Explore? Rise of nationalism Nations compete Muslims, Italians controlled trade Find new trade routes

4. Technology The caravel could sail against the wind The astrolabe determined location at sea The compass tracked direction Weapons became more advanced

5. Cartography Ptolemy translation inspired new mapmaking Mercator projection helped navigators http://www.theguardian.com/global/gallery/2009/apr/17/world-maps-mercator-goode-robinson-peters- hammer#/?picture=346092534&index=0http://www.theguardian.com/global/gallery/2009/apr/17/world-maps-mercator-goode-robinson-peters- hammer#/?picture=346092534&index=0

6. Are You Ready? Who did this?

7. Early Explorers Bartolomeu Dias: Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator: Portuguese Vasco Da Gama: Portuguese

8. Trading Empires: Portugal Controlled Indian Ocean trade Controlled spice trade by defeating Muslims Opened Indonesia (East Indies) & Spice Islands Goods delivered to Europeans at 1/5 th the cost Bypassed Italian middle-men Venice will receive no spices unless her merchants go to buy them in Portugal.

9. Mercantilism Creates balance of trade Colonies provide raw materials Raw materials made into finished products in “mother country” Colonies = markets for finished goods

10. Monopolies = Exclusive control over production/distribution of goods Dutch established clove monopoly Placed restrictions on trade Natives had to accept low price for goods Natives had to buy imported goods Ended when seedlings were transported and grown elsewhere

11. Impact Prices of Asian goods dropped Colonies established in Brazil –Sugar plantations –Forced conversion –Brazilian natives suffered Africans enslaved

12. Are You Ready? Who did this?

13. Spain Columbus Ferdinand & Isabella funded rejected by Portugal Sailed west to reach Asia Landed on Hispaniola (Caribbean) Magellan Believed Columbus found new land mass Wanted to find strait through So. America First to circumnavigate the globe

14. Magellan

15. Rivalry between Spain and Portugal increased Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia Feared Spain would claim lands Portugal should have Pope solves issue Invisible line drawn N/S through Atlantic Ocean West = Spain East = Portugal Line moved west to favor Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas

17. Are You Ready? Name 2 ways European exploration had impact for Europeans. Name 2 ways European exloration impacted non- European people.

18. Impact of Exploration Changed European’s view of the world Settlements in West Indies –Brought new crops –Devastating for native peoples –Increased African slavery