1. Turbulent Centuries in Africa

2. Portugal Gains Footholds LLLLooking for a sea route to Asia WWWWanted to buy goods directly from their source WWWWest Africa: SSSSmall forts were established that had food and tools to repair ships EEEEstablished trading posts = muskets, tools and cloth were traded for ivory, hides and slaves LLLLeft only enough men to defend and run the forts: NOT COLONIES SSSSailed around the entire continent TTTTook over trade cities of Mombasa and Malindi TTTThese trade hubs added to their empire

3. The Temporary Legacy: PPPPortugal did not make a lasting mark on Africa…Why? 1111. did not venture far from the coast into interior of Africa 2222. lacked accurate maps and resources to explore 3333. Africans on the interior resisted exploration and influence (wanted to retain control of the gold trade)

4. The African Slave Trade Explodes:  1500s -1600s: Slaves were viewed as Africa’s most important product by Europeans  History of Slavery:  Used by Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Persians, Indians and Aztecs  English word slave comes from Slavs = from the large number of Slavs taken from southern Russia and enslaved by the Romans  Arabs also used slave labor, often African captives  Worked on farms or large-scale irrigation projects

5. Europeans Enter the Slave Trade  Portuguese were first, followed by others  Used for labor on plantations = large estates, usually in the Americas  Also used as servants for wealthy households  Europeans seldom went into the interior to find slaves  Relied on African rulers and traders to capture them and bring them to the coast  On the coast, they were traded for textiles, metalwork, rum, tobacco, weapons, and gunpowder  Slave Trade in the Atlantic: Lasted 300 Years  Very profitable = supplied the demand for cheap labor  Slaves were considered property with no rights;  Used on sugar, rice, tobacco and other plantations

6. Interior African rulers and traders are hired to Seize people for the slave trade (2) Captured peoples are taken to the coast, Traded for European Goods (3) Slaves are put onto ships And sent to the Americas To provide cheap labor for the Plantation system (4) Forts and Trading Post are Established (1)