1. Fragments and Run-ons

2. Fragments  A part of a sentence punctuated as if it were a sentence Because I went to the movies. The movie. Was eating popcorn. To the store.

3. Types of Fragments  There are 3 types of fragments. Missing Parts Phrase Subordinate Clauses

4. Missing Parts  The subject or verb is missing. In 1853, Native American George Crum served his version of French fries at Moon Lake Lodge. Soon thereafter faced a guest’s disapproval. Chef Crum angered by the rejection.

5. Phrase  A group of words that functions as a part of speech and does not have a subject or verb The pretzel has a long and interesting history. Dating back to A.D. 610. Popular folklore suggests that the pretzel was created. By a monk to reward children. He shaped the pretzel in the image of children’s folded arms in prayer. To motivate them to memorize their prayers.

6. Subordinate Clauses  A group of words that has a subject and verb, but cannot stand alone Earl Charles Grey helped abolish slavery throughout the British empire. Although he is better known for Earl Grey tea. After a British diplomat saved the life of a Chinese government official. The earl received the recipe for the tea as a gift.

7. Fixing Fragments  If the fragment is missing a predicate, add it.  If the fragment is missing a subject, add it.  If the fragment is a subordinate clause, add an independent clause.  If the fragment is a phrase, add it to the sentence before or after it. The movie. →The movie was funny. Was eating popcorn. →Caitlin was eating popcorn. Because I went to the movies. → I was tired because I went to the movies. To the store. →I went to the store

8. Fixing Fragments Fix the following fragments. 1. In 1853, Native American George Crum served his version of French fries at Moon Lake Lodge. Soon thereafter faced a guest’s disapproval. 2. Chef Crum angered by the rejection. 3. The pretzel has a long and interesting history. Dating back to A.D. 610. 4. Popular folklore suggests that the pretzel was created. By a monk to reward children. 5. He shaped the pretzel in the image of children’s folded arms in prayer. To motivate them to memorize their prayers. 6. Earl Charles Grey helped abolish slavery throughout the British empire. Although he is better known for Earl Grey tea. 7. After a British diplomat saved the life of a Chinese government official. The earl received the recipe for the tea as a gift.

9. Answers 1. In 1853, Native American George Crum served his version of French fries at Moon Lake Lodge. Soon thereafter he faced a guest’s disapproval. 2. Chef Crum was angered by the rejection. 3. The pretzel has a long and interesting history, dating back to A.D. 610. 4. Popular folklore suggests that the pretzel was created by a monk to reward children. 5. He shaped the pretzel in the image of children’s folded arms in prayer to motivate them to memorize their prayers. 6. Earl Charles Grey helped abolish slavery throughout the British empire although he is better known for Earl Grey tea. or Although he is better known for Earl Grey tea, Earl Charles Grey helped abolish slavery throughout the British empire. 7. After a British diplomat saved the life of a Chinese government official, the earl received the recipe for the tea as a gift. or The earl received the recipe as a gift after a British diplomat saved the life of a Chinese government official.

10. Run-ons  Two or more independent clauses run together without the correct punctuation The music was deafening I turned down the radio.

11. Fixing run-ons  Separate it into two sentences.  Make it into a compound sentence.  Insert a semicolon. The music was deafening I turned down the radio. ↓ The music was deafening. I turned down the radio The music was deafening I turned down the radio. ↓ The music was deafening, so I turned down the radio The music was deafening I turned down the radio. The music was deafening; I turned down the radio. ↓

12. Video for Review  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BesM cdV1KqY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BesM cdV1KqY