1. Climate Change Transport Engineering Challenges: new rules towards new paradigm.

2. INDEX CONTENTS 1.- Introduction 2.- The challenges 3.- Highlights 4.- Design stage main threats 5.- Construction stage main threats 6.- Operation stage main threats 7.- International context 8.- National context: NAPCC 9. - National and International standards context 10.- Mandatory technical regulation impacts: Project approval

3. 3 1.- Introduction Climate Change is already taking place; it is going to perturb and have an impact on us in ways we can’t yet imagine. So, how is it going to change our transport, our transport planning, management and maintenance? Ineco is keen to face these challenges by searching for and applying new adaptation strategies which will contribute to ensuring the resilience and sustainability of our transport infrastructures. It is therefore essential that we set out and provide new criteria in order to achieve the new paradigm. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

4. 01 C.C. Travel disruptions 02 New Transport Networks Planning 03 New Design, Building and Managing Infrastructure Criteria. 04 Resilient New standards and Regulations 2.- The Challenges TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

5. 3.- Highlights Redesign process decision-taking tools. Aviation Railways Urban transport Roads Ports Environment TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES Technical questions: gauge variations, wind storm- proof roof fastening, repaving period, pillar flood- collapse protections… Adhereance to new EU resilience guidelines and recommendations. Massive cost of failing to reach resilience (E.G. Last Christmas UK floods costs: insurances £325m, infrastructure repairs £175m and flood defense estimated investments £230m. TOTAL: £7,3b) New climate patterns (e.g. Floods in Cumbria are becoming regular: 2005, 2009, 2011 y 2016) New scenario: 1. Transport Infrastructures impact analysis required, 2. Compliance with new national, EU, international financial organization requirements, 3. Review fundamental aspects regarding climate change to improve competitively, 4. Innovation.

6. 6 4.- Design stage main threats >> Floods: Slope, buttress or breakwater damage >> Heat: Roadway binder early oxidation >> Heat: Rail thermal stress >> Drought: Adapted species slope regrowth >> Drought: Porous asphalt use becomes inconvenient >> Windstorms: Overhead power cable falls >> Sea level: Dike crest overflow, Dike Core damage. >> Air temperature: Insufficient runway TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

7. 7 5.- Construction stage main threats >> Heat waves: Fire risk increase >> Heat waves: Comfort loss and productive time reduction >> Heat waves: Machinery performance reduction >> Extreme storms: Oversized drains and protections >> Average temperature: Road way setting and other processes may need alternative procedures. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

8. 8 6.- Operation stage main threats >> Air temperature: Insufficient runway >> Sea level: Dike overflow, breakwater obsolescence >> Windstorms: Overhead power cable and pantograph snag >> Heat waves: Fire risk increase >> Gusts of wind: Panels, lighting and networks >> Gusts of wind: Flight delays >> Heavy rain: Wall and foundation weakening >> Extreme storms: Drains and breakwater enforcement needed >> Extreme storms: Aquaplaning, landslide, rock fall risk TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

9. 9 7.- International context >> Only 12 NAPCC Implanted >> Spanish NAPCC delivered since 2006, running from 2014. >> EU has launched its own Adaptation Strategy >> Canada is quit active on resilience development. >> New actors, new organisms. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

10. 10 8.- National context: NAPCC >> Action program based. >> Impact on transport cartography development. >> Change in rainfall, wind and fog patterns. >> Investments in redesign and reinforcement expected. >> Seaports threatened. >> AdapteCCa. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

11. 01 ISO standards  ISO Guide 82 Guideline for addressing sustainability in standards.  ISO 14001 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use.  ISO 22301 Societal security -- Business continuity management systems --- Requirements.  ISO 22316 Organizational Resilience  ISO 31000 Risk management - Principles and guidelines.  ISO 26000 Social Responsibility. 9. – National and International standards. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

12. 02 UNE standards  Spanish UNE-EN ISO 50001 Energy Management.  Spanish UNE-EN 16247 Energy Audit.  Spanish UNE-EN ISO 14006 ‘Ecodesign’ 03 Other standards  Technical standards for project designing: Those specifications related to every single particular infrastructure. 9. – National and International standards. TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

13. 01. General regulation: Planning >> NEW METHODOLOGY  Informative studies content.  Risk assessment.  Economic evaluation recommendations for cost-benefit.  Infrastructure project investment evaluation… >> RISK MAP RENOVATION  Floods, fire, rock fall, erosion, sea overflow… 10.- Mandatory technical regulation impacts: Project approval TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

14. 02. General regulation  Accesses  Environmental impact  Health and safety  Road safety  Project TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES 10.- Mandatory technical regulation impacts: Project approval

15. 03. Specific regulation:  LONGITUDINAL LAYOUT  DRAINS  GEOLOGY AND GEOTECHNOLOGY  BRIDGES AND CROSSOVER STRUCTURES  TUNNELS  ROADBED AND PAVING  PLANTATIONS TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES 10.- Mandatory technical regulation impacts: Project approval

16. 04. General regulation It may have to be thoroughly reviewed in order to comply with new technical standards:  TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  PROJECT EXECUTION QUALITY STANDARDS  BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES 10.- Mandatory technical regulation impacts: Project approval

17. www.ineco.com Thank you very much www.ineco.com ricardo.diez@ineco.com carmen.togores@ineco.com TRANSPORT ENGENEERING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES