2. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty law  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty law

3. Compromise of 1850

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Anti-slavery novelAnti-slavery novel Helped lay the foundations for Civil War.Helped lay the foundations for Civil War. Important tool for northern abolitionists.Important tool for northern abolitionists.

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

8. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants.  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star- Spangled Banner created in NYC.

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

10. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

11. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

12. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

13. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 -Dred Scott was a slave that lived on free soil. -Sued for freedom -Supreme Court ruled: -Upheld the 5 th amendment and said he was the property of slave owners

14. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

15. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

16. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

17. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

18. 1860 Presiden tial Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

19. Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

20. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

21. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

22. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

23. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

24. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

25. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861