1. Pluperfect Tense

2. Pluperfect The pluperfect indicates an action already completed prior to another action in the past. In English the pluperfect is typically indicated by the auxiliary verb “had.” E.g: When the king arrived, we had given the golden branch to the queen. Anna refused James because he had left her so many times. The girls had prepared dinner before the guests arrived.

3. Paro, parare, paravi, paratus to prepare Pluperfect Active: 3 rd pp - i+ endings SingularDefinitionPluralDefinition 1 st personParaveramI had prepared ParaveramusWe had prepared 2 nd personParaverasYou had prepared ParaveratisYou all had prepared 3 rd ParaveratHe/she/it had prepared ParaverantThey had prepared

4. Paro, parare, paravi, paratus to prepare Pluperfect Passive: 4 th pp + irregular imperfect SinDefPluDef 1Paratus Parata eram Paratum I had been prepared Parati Paratae eramus Parata We had been prepared 2 Paratus Parata eras Paratum You had been prepared Parati Paratae eratis Parata You all had been Prepared 3Paratus Parata erat Paratum He/she/it had been prepared Parati Paratae erant Parata They all had been prepared