1. Zhou Yuhua Ningbo University of Technology

2. 8 diphthongs /eI/, /aI/, / ɔ I/, / ə ʊ /, /a ʊ /, /I ə /, /e ə /, / ʊ ə /

3. Definition A diphthong is a glide from one vowel to another. 双元音是从一个元音滑向另一个元音。 When we make a diphthong the position of the tongue and that of the lips are changed to some extent, yet the position of the second vowel is usually not reached. 当我们发双元音时，舌位和唇型都有一定变化， 但通常第二个元音的位置难以达到。

4. Glide Diphthongs are sounds which consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another. 双元音是从一个元音到另一个元音的移动或滑动。 a a a i The first part is much longer and stronger than the second part. 第一个元音比第二个元音要长而响亮。

5. English Diphthongs

6. Centring Diphthongs (ending in /ə/) Sample words: tear, tare, tour

7. It begins with / I / or a point somewhat closer than / I / and then glides smoothly to / ə /; /I ə / 从 /I/ 的位置或是 /I/ 附近的位置开始缓缓滑向 /ə/ It begins with / I / or a point somewhat closer than / I / and then glides smoothly to / ə /; /I ə / 从 /I/ 的位置或是 /I/ 附近的位置开始缓缓滑向 /ə/ /Iə//Iə/ Its first element is more prominent than the second. 第一个元音比第二个更重要（更长、更响）。 Its first element is more prominent than the second. 第一个元音比第二个更重要（更长、更响）。 ear, dear, fear, weird, fierce, idea

8. Sentence Practice-- / I ə/ Mr. Lear will be here this year. The atmosphere here is very clear. His beard has nearly disappeared into his beer. It’s a good idea to have some beer here, dear. It’s clear that the man with a heavy beard is from Korea. A man can’t hear without his ears.

9. /eə/ The lips are neutrally open throughout. 口型自始自终自然张开。 The lips are neutrally open throughout. 口型自始自终自然张开。 care, rare, air, chair, bear, pear It begins with /e/ and then glides smoothly to / ə /; /eə/ 从半开半闭的口型 /e/ 开始，缓缓滑向 /ə/ 。

10. Sentence Practice-- /eə/ Mr. Claire is having his haircut, sitting in an armchair. I have looked everywhere, upstairs and downstairs, but they aren’t anywhere. The pear is over there on the chair. The boy was scared because there were a pair of bears over there. Where will you have the chairs repaired?

11. /ʊə//ʊə/ It begins with / ʊ / and then glides smoothly to / ə /; / ʊ ə / 从小口后元音 / ʊ / 开始，慢慢滑向 / ə / 的位置。 It begins with / ʊ / and then glides smoothly to / ə /; / ʊ ə / 从小口后元音 / ʊ / 开始，慢慢滑向 / ə / 的位置。 The lips are weakly rounded at the beginning of the glide and become neutrally spread as the glide progresses. 起初口型为小圆唇，在滑动的过程中慢慢变为自然 展开。 The lips are weakly rounded at the beginning of the glide and become neutrally spread as the glide progresses. 起初口型为小圆唇，在滑动的过程中慢慢变为自然 展开。 poor, pure, during, tour, curious

12. Sentence Practice-- /ʊə/ I’m sure he is very cruel. Are you sure the poor steward is insured? The tourist toured the moor in February. The poor man found a curious jewel when he collected manure. I’m sure this is newer and purer. The doctor wasn’t sure that he could cure the poor tourist.

13. Reading Practice /Iə//Iə/ /eə/ /eə/ /ʊə//ʊə/ Peer /p I ə/ pear /p e ə/ Poor /p ʊ ə/ Tear /t I ə/ tare /t e ə/ Tour /t ʊ ə/ Mere /m I ə/ mare /m e ə/ Moor /m ʊ ə/ Sheer / ʃ I ə/ share / ʃ e ə/ sure / ʃ ʊ ə/

14. Reading for fun Gill, Gill, my dear, Where is my beer? Oh, I ’ m sorry, I ’ ve no idea. I remember putting it right here. Why should it disappear?

15. Closing Diphthongs (ending in / I /) Sample words: bay, buy, boy

16. /e I / The glide begins from slightly below the close-mid front position and moves in the direction of / I /, there being a slight closing movement of the jaw; 滑动从办闭口前元音 /e/ 开始，移向 /I/ ，其间下巴 有个小的收拢过程。 The lips are spreading. 嘴唇向两旁咧开。 face, rain, eight, great

17. Sentence Practice-- /e I / Jane came on a grey, rainy day. They came on the same day by the same train. Please take the paper away. Don’t make the same mistake. Turn to page eighty-eight. They say they may play the same game. The rain is waiting at the railway station.

18. /aI//aI/ It begins at a point slightly behind the front open position and then moves in the direction of / I /; /a I / 从开口前元音 /a/ 开始（这是将 /a/ 的位置从后元 音移至前元音的位置），再向 /I/ 移动。 The closing movement of the low jaw is obvious. 下巴的闭口运动非常明显。 time, high, die, either, cry

19. Sentence Practice-- /a I / Five times five is twenty-five. Strike while the iron is hot. Great minds think alike. Glive climbs high spires at night. Dinah is quite nice but frightfully shy. A white kite is flying high in the sky. She has a fly in her right eye, that’s why she’s crying.

20. /ɔI//ɔI/ The tongue glide begins at a point between the open-mid and open back positions and moves in the direction of / I /; 舌从半开和开口后元音 / ɔ / 的位置滑向 /I/ 的位置。 The tongue movement extends from back to centralized front. 舌从后向口腔的前中部移动。 oil, voice, boy, toy

21. Sentence Practice-- / ɔ I / I’ll leave the choice of the toy to my boy. Please avoid pouring oil on the soil. The spoiled boy destroyed the toys. He has a noisy voice and spoils our enjoyment. Their hands were oily and soiled by their toil. The boy was over joyed with his noisy toys.

22. Reading practice /eI//eI//aI//aI/ /ɔI//ɔI/ Bay /beI/buy /baI/ Boy /b ɔ I/ say /seI/sigh /saI/ Soy /s ɔ I/ mail /meIl/mile /maIl/ Moil /m ɔ Il/ nail /neIl /Nile /naIl/ noil /n ɔ Il/

23. Read for fun Rain, rain, go away! Tom and Mary want to play. Rain, rain, go away! Come again another day.

24. Closing Diphthongs (ending in / ʊ /) Sample words: know, now

25. /əʊ//əʊ/ It begins at a central point between close-mid and open-mid, and then move in the direction of / ʊ /; / ə ʊ / 从半开半闭的中间位置 /ə/ 开始，移向 / ʊ / 的位 置。 There is a slight closing movement of the lower jaw. 下巴微微向上收缩。 So, old, road, toe, soul

26. Sentence Practice-- /əʊ/ Joan is combing her golden hair. Joe has a noble, Roman nose. Don’t throw stones. He won’t postpone the show. Don’t go home alone. You don’t know how lonely the road is. Joe shows Joan his roses.

27. /aʊ//aʊ/ It begins at a point between the back and front open position, slightly more fronted than the position for / a: /, and moves in the direction of / ʊ /; / a ʊ / 从后位和前位之间 / a/ 的开始，比后元音 / a:/ 稍 靠前，再移动至 / ʊ / 的位置。 The lips change from a neutrally open to a weakly rounded position. 口型从自然张开的大小变为小圆唇。 out, brow, house, sound, cow

28. Sentence Practice-- /aʊ/ Mr. Brown found a mouse in the house. Mr. Brown lives in around house near the town. No doubt he heard the loud shouts of the crowd. Now I have no doubt he pronounce the word “amount”. The crowed, which amounted to a thousand, surrounded the house, which faced the south of country town.

29. Reading Practice /əʊ//əʊ//aʊ//aʊ/ Know /nə ʊ /Now /na ʊ / Oat /ə ʊ t/Out /a ʊ t/ Tone /tə ʊ n/Town /ta ʊ n/ Load /lə ʊ d/Loud /la ʊ d/ Coat /kə ʊ t/Doubt /da ʊ t/

30. Reading for fun Cow, cow, Friendly and brown, Let down your milk, For the mighty town.

31. Passage practice --Your Sense of Taste Taste is one of our five senses. The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. You hear with your ears, you see with your eyes, and you taste things with your tongue. On your tongue, you have groups of tiny taste buds. Taste buds send information about food to your brain. You have a lot of t a ste buds, m ay be even 10,000! People don’t have the s a me number of them. Women often have more t a ste buds than men. Because of your t a ste buds, foods l i ke i ce cream and bananas t a ste sweet. French fr i es, cheese, and o cean water t a ste salty. Lemons have a sour t a ste, and coffee is bitter. We all kn ow ab ou t these four m ai n t a stes: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Wh y does a sense of t a ste matter? For one thing, it helps people dec i de on s a fe things to eat. And of course, thanks to your sense of t a ste, you can enj oy all your f a vorite foods.

32. Thank You !