1. By: Akinori Mollenthiel
Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
By: Akinori Mollenthiel

2. Discovery Discovered by Simon Marius in 1612.
A Persian astronomer Abd al- Rahman al Sufi wrote a line about the chained consolation in the year 964.
People wrote of Simon Marius as the discoverer of the galaxy without taking note of al Sufi’s notes.
Simon Marius
Abd al- Rahman al Sufi

3. Andromeda galaxy (infrared picture)
Facts
The Andromeda Galaxy is 2.5 million light years from Earth.
The size of the Andromeda galaxy is 7.1 x 10^11 solar masses.
It is one of the brightest messier object.
Spitzer space telescope revealed the Andromeda galaxy has about 1 trillion stars.
Andromeda galaxy (infrared picture)

4. Did you know?
Andromeda
Galaxy
Milky Way
Galaxy
That in the future that the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way Galaxy are expected to collide in about 4.5 billon years!

5. The Andromeda Galaxy is the furthest object you can see with the naked eye. In light years it is about 250 million light years away. That means the light we see in our sky left the Andromeda Galaxy 250 million years ago.

6. The Andromeda Constellation
Andromeda Galaxy
This is where the Andromeda Galaxy was found!

7. Different views of the Andromeda Galaxy!

8. and contrasting Andromeda galaxy and
Comparing
and contrasting Andromeda galaxy and
Milky Way Galaxy
The estimated mass of the Andromeda halo (including the dark matter) has value of approximately 1.23×1012 solar masses (or 1.2 trillion solar masses) next to 1.9×1012 solar masses Milky Way.
The Andromeda Galaxy appears to have more common stars than the Milky Way, and the estimated luminosity of M31 is 2.6×1010 L☉, is about 25% more than that of our own galaxy.

9. This is the Andromeda Galaxy's local group.
(1 Million light years)

10. Stars
M31 is known to have a dense and compact star cluster at its very center.
There are about 460 clusters that are connected with the Andromeda galaxy.
The biggest of the clusters is identified as Mayall II or nicknamed Globular One.
Mayall 1

11. This was a stamp in Germany in 1999!

12. Greek Mythology
Andromeda was the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, the legendary (white) King and Queen of Ethiopia.
Cassiopeia
Andromeda
Cepheus

13. Two galaxies colliding
Origin
In 2010, a team of astronomers found out that the Andromeda galaxy was formed out of the collision of two smaller galaxies between 5 and 9 billion years ago!
Two galaxies colliding

14. More Facts Constellation: Andromeda Right ascension: 00h 42m 44.3s
(Term for one of the two coordinates of a point on the celestial sphere when using the equatorial coordinate system.)
Declination: +41° 16′ 9″
(One of the two coordinates of the equatorial coordinate system.)
Redshift: −301 ± 1 km/s
(When the wave on the spectrum moves more towards the red.)
Distance: 2.54 ± 0.06 Mly (778 ± 17 kpc)
Type: SA(s)b
(The system where they divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance.)
Number of stars: 1 trillion (10^12)
Apparent dimensions (V): 190′ × 60′
(Basically the diameter and size.)
Apparent magnitude (V): 3.44

15. Bibliography

16. Credits Thank you for watching! By: Akinori Mollenthiel
Project: Andromeda Galaxy