1. CLIMATE CHANGE: ROAD TO DISASTER??

2. Index What it is …............................................... 1 History ….................................................. 2 Why it is …............................................... 11 What could happen ….............................. 18 How can we avoid …................................ 24 Curiosities …............................................. 27

3. Significant changes produced in the Earth's climate and extended over long periods of time. These changes can be in temperature, rainfall, wind... WHAT IT IS It supposes the most worrying environmental problem nowadays.

4. HISTORY Along 4600 million years of history of Earth, the climate has changed a lot naturally. Volcanic eruptions, ice ages, temperature increases, torrential rains and droughts, changes in the wind and the moisture…

5. Precambrian (4600 - 543) At the beginning, the Earth was a fireball surrounded of gases. Afterwards, it happened the first glaciation, the Huronian. After a period with warmer temperatures, in the Neoproterozoic came the most intense glaciation ever. The Earth turned into/became a “Snowball”.

6. Paleozoic (543 - 245) Temperate and oceanic climate because of the rise of the level of the oceans as a result of the thawing. The principal events were two glaciations that happened at the end of Ordovician and at the end of Carboniferous, respectively.

7. Mesozoic (245 - 65) The climate evolved from being dry an arid to be more humid and warmer while Pangea was being fractured. < At the end of this period, the climate undergoes a cooling due to the decreasing of the level of CO2.

8. Cenozoic (65 - now) Characterized by a progressive cooling interrupted by a warmer climate at the middle of the period. By the end of the period, another glaciation occurs.

9. WHY IT IS Climate change is due to both natural causes and the human- motivated. Natural Causes Volcanism Ocean currents Greenhouse effect Human Causes Deforestation Increase of greenhouse gases CFC

10. Volcanoes emit sulfur dioxide, water vapor and ash in their eruptions, and this affects both the atmospheric activity keeping the temperature of the affected area as impeding the entry of sunlight into the atmosphere. VOLCANISM

11. OCEAN CURRENTS The oceans cover 71% of Earth's surface and absorb large amounts of heat.

12. GREENHOUSE EFFECT The greenhouse effect is an atmospheric phenomenon that keeps the Earth's temperature to retain some of the energy from the sun.

13. INCREASE OF GREENHOUSE Human produces several gases such as CO2, methane and nitrous oxide, mainly from burning fossil fuels, but also with the activity of factories. These gases keep the heat and rise the global temperature. GASES

14. DEFORESTATION Increases the level of carbon dioxide since the plants can´t do the photosinthesys.

15. CFC These gases produced by aerosols, refrigerators or chemical products cause a larger hole in the ozone layer, which make the solar radiations arrive with more intensity and heat the globe.

16. WHAT COULD HAPPEN The causes explained previously could give room for a series of consequences... … Higher temperatures: At the end of twenty-first century temperature could rise between 5 to 7 ºC.

17. … Changes in the water cycle: It comes as a result of temperature increase. One part of the planet would suffer a bigger increase in rainfall, while others, would be exposed to a much more severe drought.

18. … Biodiversity: Both marine and terrestrial species are exposed to a possible extinction due to climate change. Species as shells and coral skeletons would be in danger since the water of seas and oceans would absorb more CO2. Terrestrial species will have to adapt or move poleward and mountain slopes for a temperature compensation.

19. … Sea level rise: It is expected that by the end of the twenty-first century sea level rise one meter if the poles continue melting.

20. … Increase of health risks: The distribution of mosquitoes that cause diseases such as malaria and the risk of heat waves will be altered.

21. ...Socio-economic consequences: The already existing social problems such as poverty, refugees, migrants and social unrest would be aggravated. The poorest areas woud also be the most vulnerable.

22. How can we avoid We can participate in three different ways. International level Regional level Personal level

23. Kioto protocol: It was the most important agreement on climate change adopted by the UN in 1990 was looking to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases of the main industrialized countries. International level

24. Earth Summit: Meetings in which several countries deal with the subject of environmental conditions in order to achieve sustainable development. Montreal Protocol: Treaty designed in 1987 in order to reduce the emission of CFC gases that hurt to the ozone layer.

25. Regional level The heads of each region can develop projects to increase energy efficiency and promote the use of renewable energy and public transport, introduce measures to manage wastes, etc.

26. 1. Reduce the use of the car. 2. Decrease energy consume. 3. Recycle and reuse. 4. Lower consumption of water. Personal level

27. Curiosities Ten most polluting countries (tons of waste) 1. EE.UU 2. China 3. Russia 4. India 5. Japan 6. Germany 7. Australia 8. South Africa 9. United Kingdom 10. South Korea 2.530 millon 2.430 millIon 600 millIon 529 millIon 363 millIon 323 millIon 205 millIon 201 millIon 192 millIon 168 millIon

28. Most polluted areas on the planet Chernobyl (Ukraine)Norilsk (Russia)

29. Agbogbloshie (Ghana) Niger Delta (Nigeria)

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