1. Lower trunk & pelvic 1

3. Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
Primary curvatures are anteriorly concave
- Thoracic curvature
- Pelvic curvature
Secondary curvatures are anteriorly convex
- Cervical curvature
- Lumbar curvature
Cervical curvature develops when a baby begins to hold up its head
Lumbar curvature develops when a child begins to stand
T11

4. Movement of core muscle
: EMG activity of each of the trunk muscles relative to that of the prime mover (Hodges & Richardson 1997)

5. Inner Core Muscle - Deep

6. Core Stability
The core has been described as a BOX with the abdominals in the front paraspinals and gluteals in the back, the diaphragm as the roof, and the pelvic foor and hip girdle musculature as the bottom
"Core stability" describes the ability to control the postion and movement of the central portion of the body

7. Importance of core stability
Mechanical base for motion of the distal segments
Many extremity prime movers attach to the core
Core muscles are active before initiatio- n of extremity movement
"Proximal stability for distal mobility"

8. Diaphragm Inspiration - increase of thoracic
cavity
Increase of intra-abdominal pressure

9. Transversus Abdominis
Abdominal pressure
- stabilizer

10. Multifidus Bilateral movement Unilateral movement
- Neck&Trunk extension
Bilateral movement
- Lateral flexion

11. Pelvic floor muscles 1. Piriformis 2. Coccygeus 3. Levator ani
4. Obturator internus

12. Outer Muscle - Superficial

13. Rectus Abdominis
Trunk flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt

14. External Abdominal Oblique
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Contralateral rotation
Ipsilateral rotation
Flexion, Lateral flexion, Posterior pelvic tilt,
Abdominal pressure

15. Latissimus Dorsi Distal part Proximal part - Shoulder adduction
- Shoulder IR
- Shoulder extension
- Scapula depression
&downward rotation
Proximal part
- Pelvic ant. tilt
- Pelvic elevation

16. Quadratus Lumborum Unilateral movement Bilateral movement
- pelvic elevation
- lateral flexion of trunk
Bilateral movement
- extension of lumbosacral(increase of lumbar lodosis)

17. Erector spinae Group Unilateral movement Bilateral movement
- lateral flexion of
vertebral
Bilateral movement
- extension of vertebral
& head

18. Mobilizer & Stabilizer
Rectus abdominis
Internal Oblique
External Oblique
Quadratus lumborum
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae group
Diaphragm
TrA
Multifidus
Pelvic floor

19. Muscle sling

20. Muscle sling Anterior Spiral Posterior
Biceps-pectoralis major-internal oblique-contralateral hip abductor
Spiral
Rhomboid-Serratus anterior-external oblique
-contralateral internal oblique- hip adductor
Posterior
Hamstring-gluteus maximus- thoracolumbar fascia-contralateral latissimus dorsi- triceps

21. Janda's lower cross syndrome

22. Janda's lower cross syndrome

23. Tight
Thoraco-lumbar
Extensors
Weak
Thoraco-lumbar
Extensors
Tight
abdonimals
Weak
abdonimals
Weak
Hip Flexors
Tight
Hip Flexors