1. Adolescence Modules 51-52

2. Adolescence The period between childhood and adulthood From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to independence from parents

3. Physical Development in Adolescence Module 52

4. Puberty The period of sexual maturation where the person becomes capable of reproducing Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age 13 in males Major growth spurt Sequence of physical changes same for all, timing can differ

6. Physical Development

7. Primary Sex Characteristics The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible Ovaries in females Testes in males

8. Secondary Sex Characteristics Nonreproductive sexual characteristics Breasts and hips in females Facial hair and voice changes in males

9. Sexual Characteristics

10. Brain Development Frontal Lobes maturing –Grow myelin – speeds up neural communication –Because emotional limbic system is more developed, teens tend to be more emotional –Give in to emotional impulsiveness & risky behaviors & immediate rewards –As Frontal Lobe matures so will judgment, impulse control & long- term planning Pruning of unused neurons and connections occurs You lose what you don’t use!

11. Cognitive Development Overcoming Egocentrism – Understand their own thinking & what others’ thinking Formal Operations (Piaget) – Reason Hypothetically & detect hypocrisy.

12. Social Development in Adolescence: Forming an Identity Module 52

13. Identity A strong, consistent sense of who and what a person is –Who am I? –What do I want to do with my life? –What values should I live by? –What do I believe in? Identity search includes the following characteristics: –Experimentation –Rebellion –“Self”-ishness –Optimism and energy Some form this identity early by adopting their parents’ values & expectations.

14. Social Identity Part of our identity that comes from our group memberships –Ethnicity –Gender –Team/Clubs

15. Social Development in Adolescence: Developing Intimacy

16. Intimacy A close, sharing, emotional, and honest relationship with other people To Erikson this is the primary task of early adulthood Not necessarily one’s spouse or a sexual relationship

17. Parent & Peer Relationships Adolescents in Western cultures pull away from parents as they seek their identities –Parental influence diminishes as peer influence increases Positive parent-teen relations & peer relations go together –Teens who feel close to their parents tend to be healthy & successful in school –Heredity seems to set temperament & peers influences the rest