1. Factors influencing parenting and caring relationships
Parenting Styles

2. What influences the parent-child relationship?
Influences on parents and carers
Personal
- culture (customs and traditions)
- religion (spirituality)
- education
- previous experience
- own upbringing
- socioeconomic status
- special needs (illness, disability)
- Multiple commitments (work, family, sport, study, leisure)
2. Social
- media stereotypes
- Gender expectations
- Community attitudes

3. Parenting styles There are four general styles of parenting
- authoritarian
- democratic
- permissive/indulgent
- negligent

4. Authoritarian Parents make all rules and decisions
Children are disciplined or punished if they don’t meet parental expectations
Parents value obedience and control children’s behaviour

5. Democratic All family members participate in decision-making
Punishments and rewards are negotiated between parents and children
Discussion of issues is encouraged
Each family member’s rights is respected

6. Permissive or Indulgent
Supportive and tolerant parenting
Parents exercise little control over children
Communication is not effective
Non-conformity is encouraged

7. Negligent Parents fail to meet some or all of children’s needs
Parents don’t control children’s behaviour and are not concerned about it
Parents don’t take responsibility

8. For you to do 
Indicate a particular situation where it would be appropriate for parents to be
a) authoritarian
b) democratic
c) permissive
Outline the specific social and legal problems associated with negligent parenting.

9. Family Well-being
The style of parenting followed is significant in the relationship between parents and children and can be a positive or negative influence on family well-being.
Whichever style a parent follows, the aim should be to foster a safe, secure, happy and healthy relationship with children.

10. For you to do 
For each of the four parenting styles, list TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages for family well-being.
Describe how each of the following factors may influence the parenting style followed
age of children
age of parent(s)
parents’ cultural background
family structure

11. Activity
Explore each parenting or Caring style and assess the impact it can have on the roles of parents and carers