1. Westward Experience (or Fun with Dung)

2. #1 Buffalo Dung

3. #2 Fuel for fire

5. #3 Progress might be slowed Winter was quickly approaching

6. Pending Storm – El Paso, TX

16. #4 Limited supply of water/liquor/etc. which drove the price higher Bacon was plentiful

17. #5 Bacon Coffee Sugar Salt Wagon used for transportation

18. #6 Narrow wheels - hard surfaces Wide wheels - soft surfaces

20. #7 To corral loose livestock

21. #8 To lighten their load and allow them to travel faster

23. #9 Most walked west (wagons were often overloaded)

26. http://images.usatoday.com/travel/_photos/2005/07/25/mormon-inside.jpg http://www.mormonhistoricsitesfoundation.org/art/iowaCityArticle1.jpg http://www.thefurtrapper.com/images/Handcart%20Covered.jpg Mormon Handcarts Brigham Young decided the easiest, cheapest, and fastest way for large numbers of converts to reach the Salt Lake Valley was to pull their belongings on handcarts. http://www.thefurtrapper.com/martin_handcart.htm

27. #10 Falling under the wheels of the wagons Accidental shootings – many people owning guns for the first time

29. #11 Cholera

30. What is Cholera? (per the CDC) Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Approximately one in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours. How does a person get cholera? A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water.

31. #12 Fears of drowning Cost of ferry

33. #13 Buffalo dung Bread and bacon

34. #14 Native Americans were friendly and sociable – often aided the travelers Travelers killed the buffalo (often unnecessarily)

36. #15 Buffalo – every part of the animal was used by the Native Americans

37. Bison/Buffalo

39. #16 Oxen were strong, could live off grass/sage found along the way, and were less expensive to purchase

40. #16, continued Advantage of mules over horses: faster/live off prairie grasses Disadvantage of mules over horses: cantankerous beasts

41. Sod Tough layer of prairie sod. The turf is held together for a depth of about a foot. The durability of the sod layer prevents erosion from taking place at the same rate as on the deposits below it.

42. Sod Houses

43. Sod Houses - Interior