1. Final Exam Review Day 1- Mesopotamia slides Front of worksheet (Mesopotamia questions only)

2. River Valley Civilizations 3500 to 500 BC The “Cradles of Civilization”

3. Where did the earliest civilizations develop? River valleys

4. Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? They had rich soil for agriculture because periodic flooding left silt which made the soil rich in nutrients

5. They were protected by geographic barriers (mountains, deserts, seas, jungles, etc.)

6. Where were the earliest civilizations located and when did they exist? E MI C

7. River Valley Civilizations Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia Egypt in Northeast Africa India in South Asia China in East Asia From west to east “EMIC” (3500 BC to 500 BC)

8. Evidence of Early Civilizations Video

9. What were some characteristics of the Ancient River Valley civilizations?

10. Mesopotamia: Sumer Geography Mesopotamia was a region located in the part of the Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Mesopotamia

11. Present-day Iraq (Middle East).

12. Protected on three sides by mountains, deserts and the Persian Gulf (but vulnerable to invaders from the north)

13. Sumer was the first known civilization It arose in southern Mesopotamia Sumerian Government

14. Sumer Sumer was made up of 12 independent city- states each ruled by its own king. City-state: A city and the surrounding land

15. Cuneiform: the first written language (w edge writing)

16. Irrigation: brought water from the rivers to the fields during the dry summer months

17. Bronze Smelted from copper and tin

18. Other Sumerian Accomplishments Plow Ziggurats Wheeled vehicles Number system based on 60 “Epic of Gilgamesh”- was a legend or long story about a “superhero” named Gilgamesh (thought to be part human, part god). It is one of the oldest works of literature we know about.

19. Sumerian Inventions

20. Babylonian Empire The first empire to arise in Mesopotamia Empire: several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.

21. Code of Hammurabi First set of published laws Based on the principle of an “eye for an eye” Laws differed based on class

22. Mesopotamia Rap

23. Final Exam Review Day 2- Egypt and India slides Back of worksheet (Egypt & India questions only)

24. Egypt Geography Nile Delta and Nile River Valley (Northeast Africa) -Click map below for song

25. Nile Delta The delta was located in Lower Egypt (northern Egypt - lower in elevation) Delta: broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river.

26. Protected by deserts and seas View from space shuttle

27. Egyptian Government Pharoahs were rulers thought to be gods. They had absolute power (complete control) over the Egyptian Empire. They were thought to be responsible for making the sun rise, the Nile flood, and crops grow.

28. Egypt, had a rigid class system and slavery was accepted.

29. Egyptian Religion Like other River Valley peoples, Egyptians were polytheistic (believed in many gods).

30. Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics: Pictures stood for sounds as well as ideas

31. Egypt Video clips 3000 years of civilization Egypt and the Nile

32. India: Indus Valley Civilization

33. Geography Located on the Indus River in present-day Pakistan (Indian subcontinent).

34. Indus River Flood Plain

35. Natural Barriers The Himalayan and the Hindu Kush Mountains as well as the Indian Ocean protected the Indian subcontinent from invasion.

36. Indus Valley Government Made up of independent city-states including Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro (and 2500 other sites)

37. Indus Valley Video

38. Indus Valley Achievements Plumbing The great bath at Mohenjo-Daro

39. Cotton Cloth first to cultivate cotton and weave its fibers into cloth (textiles)

40. Writing has not been deciphered

41. Ancient India Song

42. Final Exam Review Day 3- China slides Worksheet…

43. China Geography Huang He River

44. Also called the Yellow River and the River of Sorrows (yellow silt caused flooding)

45. Flooding of the Huang He Satellite images before after

46. Protected by the Gobi desert, Himalayan Mountains, Pacific Ocean, dense jungles

47. Chinese Government China was ruled by a succession of ruling families called dynasties (Early dynasties: Shang and Zhou)

48. China Song

49. Chinese rulers were considered divine (god- like).

50. They served under a mandate of heaven (approval of the gods) only as long as their rule was just

51. Dynastic Cycle: Explains the rise and fall of families of rulers

52. Ancestor Worship The Chinese believed that the spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster They paid respect to family ancestors and made sacrifices in their honor

53. Silk cloth (made from the cocoons of silkworms). Early Chinese Achievements

54. Writing: The earliest evidence of Chinese writing is found on oracle bones. Characters stood for ideas, not sounds.

55. Irrigation: Water wheels were used to bring river water to the fields

56. Bronze Bronze vessel used for sacrificial food

57. Legend of Shang Dynasty Video Clip