1. Recap Last Lesson

2. Recent Research Effects of Petrissage Following Intensive Cycling A study involving 11 healthy females actively engaged in sports looked at the effects of Petrissage massage applied to their legs between bouts of cycling. Results indicated that blood lactate did not differ between the massaged and non massaged. Recovery from muscle stiffness and perceived lower limb fatigue was more noticeable when massaged. Overall power during the cycle when massaged was also enhanced. Ogai, Effects of Petrissage massage on fatigue and exercise performance following intensive pedalling. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2008; 42: 534-538

3. Research Massage and Lower Back Pain A recent systematic review to assess their effects of massage therapy for non-specific low back pain. It was concluded that ‘massage might be beneficial for patients with sub-acute and chronic, non-specific, low back pain when combined with exercise and education. More studies are required Furlan AD, Massage for low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review [Online] 2008, Pubmed

4. Sports Massage = is the systematic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for therapeutic purpose to aid individuals participating in physical activity

5. Soft Tissue = Ligaments, tendons, muscles, connective tissue and skin

6. Sympathetic Nervous System = This system is called into action when there is a situation that needs an immediate reaction stay and fight or run away. It uses energy and causes your blood pressure to increase, your heart beat to speed up, and your digestion system to slow down.

7. Lymphatic System = The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymphatic tissues, lymph capillaries and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system. The lymphatic system is a major part of the immune system. The lymphatic system has three interrelated functions: removal of excess fluids from body tissues, absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, as chyle, to the circulatory system and, production of immune cells such as lymphocytes (e.g. antibody producing plasma cells) and monocytes.

8. Parasympathetic Nervous System = This is the system that allows a person to relax and unwind. This is a time to conserve energy, to allow the blood pressure decreases, to allow the heart beat to slow down, and allow digestion to start.

9. Contraindications = Certain circumstances, conditions may be present which sports massage could make worse. If these are present then the massage shouldn’t be conducted.

10. Recap Gastrocnemius Soleus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Psoas Tensor Fascia Lata Piriformis Quadratus Lumborum Pectoralis Major Lattissimus dorsi Trapezius Scalenes Sternocleidomastoid Levator Scapulae Infraspinatus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Last week we looked at muscle location Taking each muscle in turn per learner stand up and identify the location of the muscle and its action

11. Benefits of massage

12. Lesson Aims All / Some learners will: Identify 5 benefits of massage Describe what a benefit of massage is Describe the three types of effects on the body Identify 3 effects in each of the 3 categories of effects. Explain 9 effects massage

13. Benefits of massage Stripping out tight muscles Warming up & stimulating the body before competition Relaxing & decongesting the body after exercise Improving recovery between training & competition Restoring energy when fatigued

14. Benefits Breaking up adhesions Improve lymphatic circulation Releasing tight connective tissue Increased blood circulation Reduce swelling Toning muscles Muscle balancing Treating bad posture

15. Benefits Reduce stress & anxiety Providing psychological boost Improve performance generally Injury prevention General relaxation Increase well-being

16. Activity 1 You have just opened up your own sports massage business and need to produce some marketing posters to advertise it. Produce a poster that identifies 5 benefits of massage. Develop your business name Use pictures Write at the bottom of your poster a description of what a benefit of massage is Hand in on Oaklearn 13mins

17. Benefits v’s Effects It is well documented that massage, particularly deep massage, can be used to increase local circulation & to decrease muscle spasm & stiffness. The effect massage has on the body to reduce this stiffness produces the benefit.

18. Effects on Pain Massage can help relieve pain through a variety of mechanisms: The pain gate theory The Pain spasm Cycle

19. Pain Spasm Cycle

20. Effects on Pain Massage can help relieve pain through a variety of mechanisms: The pain gate theory The Pain spasm Cycle

21. To brainThe Gate -ve+ve -ve +ve Slow pain fibres Fast mechano-receptor fibres Closed by ‘rubbing’ So pain stopped from going to brain... Normally held closed Opened by ‘pain fibres’ -ve

22. 3 specific categories Mechanical Physiological Psychological

23. Mechanical Stimulation of soft tissues Stretching of soft tissue to Improve flexibility Break down scar tissue Correction of posture & limb alignment to improve body awareness Reduce tension & associated pain Reduce soreness & pain after activity

24. Physiological Improved circulation via stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase the supply of oxygen & nutrients to the injured tissue, thereby promoting healing. Improved circulation to remove waste products from the soft tissues via the lymphatic system. Improved circulation to reduce swelling post injury

25. Physiological Sedative effect on the parasympathetic nervous system to reduce tension, induce relaxation & relieve pain. Stimulation of the nervous system to prepare the muscles for activity.

26. Psychological Promoting relaxation Creating a sense of well being Increasing confidence pre-competition.

27. Activity 2 Your posters have been working and you have been contacted by some potential customers, but they require more information about how massage will effect their bodies. Produce a leaflet for your business –Describe the three types of effects on the body –Identify 3 effects in each of the 3 categories of effects. –Explain how massage cause these –Use pictures Hand in on Oaklearn 30mins

28. Lymphatic system Basic Lymphatic drainage massage techniques are gentle & useful for a selection of conditions. The actual term lymphatic drainage refers to the normal drainage of tissue fluid & particulate matter into the lymphatic vessels & ducts & onwards back into the general blood circulation.

29. Lymphatic This does occur naturally in good health, but should lymphoedema develop, it may be treated by exercise, specific massage techniques, forms of electrotherapy & other methods.

30. Lymphatic ducts Research: Where are the Thoracic & Right Lymphatic ducts located.