1. New York Illustrated News, March 13, 1861 "Texan settlers pursuing Indians."

2. Native Texans ? Which Side Would You Defend & Why?

3. TWO CULTURES CLASH TWO CULTURES CLASH Pg. 344-45 Early Efforts for Peace

4. Read Alone or With A Fellow Bug But be prepared to answer a few questions! But be prepared to answer a few questions! Pg. 344-45

5. The Native Americans felt their way of ____________ was being destroyed. a. Culture b. Fighting c. attacks d. life For years, federal troops had guarded the frontier against Native Texan _______________. a. seceded b. sleeping c. attacks d. life After Texas __________________ from the Union in 1861, U.S. troops were withdrawn from the state. a. seceded b. Partied c. attacks d. life When the U.S. troops left, 37 counties were permitted to raise militia _______________ to protect residence from raids by Native Texans and Native Americans. a. Kiowa b. Companies c. Units d. Red River The Comanche and __________ posed the greatest threat. a. Kiowa b. Companies c. Peace treaty d. Red River

6. The Frontier Regiment & A Second Frontier Force 345,46, 47

7. READING! So Easy even a caveman can do it! So Easy even a caveman can do it! 345,346, 347

8. 6. The Confederation militia provided very little ______________ along the frontier. a.Comanche b.Protection c.Relief d.Forts 7. Colonel James Norris organized nine companies with a total of about 1000 _____________. a.Comanche b.Protection c.Rangers d.Forts 8. _______________ warriors began slipping past the rangers after noticing the scheduling of patrols. a.Comanche b.Apaches c.Rangers d.Kiowas 9. Many families left their homes or found safety in family ___________. a.Comanche b.Alliances c.Communes d.Forts 10. A lack of weapons and ammunition hurt the militia, but also they needed better ______________. a.Horses b.Leadership c.Light d.Coffee

9. Cynthia Ann Parker, her young daughter Topasannah - and her eldest son, Chief Kwahnah (Quanah) Parker. 11. Cynthia Anne Parker had been captured and then raised by the __________________. a.Comanche b.Kiowas c.Cherokees d.Apaches 12. Her son was __________ Parker; he was one of the most powerful Comanche leaders of all time. a.Quanah b.Topasannah c.George d.Kit

10. Satanta (Set'tainte, White Bear)Christopher Houston (Kit) Carson

11. First Battle of Adobe Walls November 25, 1864 Around 320 soldiers 2 cannons and “Kit” Carson Against 5,000 Native Americans

12. Read about the First Battle of Adobe Walls with a Friend Pg. 347

13. 13. “Kit” Carson overcame an attack of over 10-to-1, using strategy and two ____________. a.Cannons b.Bulldogs c.Muskets d.Federal troops 14. Both Comanche and Kiowa warriors added up to more than 5,000 while Colonel “Kit” Carson had only around ___________ troops. a.1,500 b.320 c.23 d.1865 15. The show of power, strategy and loss of Buffalo ____________ and winter rations led to a Peace treaty. a.Cannons b.Robes c.Chips d.Troops

14. Native American & Settlers Thoughts and Feelings Impact Result Felt settlers were taking their land Raided settlements Had the right to expand Raised militia companies Pg. 344-347 & were destroying their way of living killed and kidnapped settlers Stole cattle Needed military protection Didn’t like to “Fort-up” Went on offensive Became organized Changed guard schedules Failed treaty 1 st Adobe Walls Peace Treaty

15. How did Civil War Affect The Texas Frontier During War? How Did Civil War Affect The Texas Frontier After War?

16. 16. Which of these was not given as a reason for the lack of Union support on the frontier after the Civil War? a.Help with reconstruction b. restore federal authority c. register voters d. vacation 17. Between the years of 1865-1867 about how many Texans were killed by Native Americans? a. 56 b. 82 c. 162 d. 0 18. The settlers not only lost lives they also lost _____________________ as the Natives pushed the settlers east. a. land b. buffalo c. the Civil War d. car keys 19. The Texas Government asked federal authorities to reassign the army to defending the _________________. a. Buffalo b. capital c. coastline d. Frontier d. vacation c. 162 a. land d. Frontier

17. Early on May 5, 1862, General Laurencez led 6,000 French troops toward Puebla, Mexico, just 100 miles from Mexico City. Expecting the attack was General Ignacio Zaragoza, a Texas-born Mexican who was ordered to defend Juarez with a force of 4,000 troops, many of them agricultural workers armed with antiquated rifles and machetes. Cinco de Mayo

18. A stunning victory for the Mexicans, against one of the best armies in the world, the Battle of Puebla cost Zaragoza 83 killed, 131 wounded, and 12 missing. For Lorencez, the failed assaults cost 462 dead, over 300 wounded, and 8 captured. Reporting his victory to President Benito Juárez, the 33-year old Zaragoza stated, "The national arms have been covered with glory.”

19. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek and the Failure of the Treaty The Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek and the Failure of the Treaty 349-351

20. 20. How many acres of land was to make-up the Indian reservation? a. 3 million b. 150 c. 400,000 d. 6 million 21. Which Comanche leader rejected the treaty? a. Sitting Bull b. Geronimo c. Quanah d. Satanta 22. Which famous Kiowa chief made a speech against the treaty? a. Sitting Bull b. Geronimo c. Quanah d. Satanta a. 3 million c. Quanah d. Satanta

21. U.S. Government Promises 3 million acre reservation Food and Supplies Restrict Access onto Reservation Native American Promises Move onto Reservation Stop Raiding Settlers U.S. Government failures Did not Provide Enough Food and Supplies Buffalo Hunters and outlaws were permitted onto the Reservation Native American Failures Some N/A refused the Reservation Native Americans Raided Settlers Native Americans left Reservation to Hunt

22. Comancheros

23. Many brave Buffalo Soldiers received the __________________ Medal of Honor. The Buffalo Soldiers 351,52 Most Buffalo Soldiers were former ___________. The name (Buffalo Soldier) was given to them by Native Americans because of their _____________. The 9 th and 10 th Cavalries and 24 th and 25 th Infantry regiments were stationed in _______________. Slaves Bravery Texas Congressional

24. The Quaker Peace Policy And why it failed The Quaker Peace Policy And why it failed William Penn “The Original American Quaker” Society of Friends

25. Native American & Settlers Thoughts and Feelings Impact Result Felt settlers were taking their land Raided settlements Had the right to expand Raised militia companies & were destroying their way of living killed and kidnapped settlers Stole cattle Needed military protection Didn’t like to “Fort-up” Went on offensive Became organized Changed guard schedules Failed treaty 1 st Adobe Walls Peace Treaty MLC Treaty=F Quaker Peace=F

26. War on the Plains & The Texas Rangers

27. The Raid at Salt Creek & A More Aggressive Army Policy

28. End of the Buffalo

29. As Recorded By A Native American “The Red River War” (2 nd Battle of Adobe Walls & Palo Duro Canyon) “The Red River War” (2 nd Battle of Adobe Walls & Palo Duro Canyon)

30. 2 nd Battle of Adobe Walls Quanah and 700 natives/70 killed 28 men/3 killed 1 women and a long shot Quanah and 700 natives/70 killed 28 men/3 killed 1 women and a long shot June 27, 1874

31. Native American & Settlers Thoughts and Feelings Impact Result Felt settlers were taking their land Raided settlements Had the right to expand Raised militia companies Failed treaty 1 st Adobe Walls MLC treaty=F & were destroying their way of living killed and kidnapped settlers Stole cattle Needed military protection Didn’t like to “Fort-up” Went on offensive Became organized Changed guard schedules Quaker Peace War on Plains Raid@ Salt Creek Aggressive Army policy End of Bison Red River war= 2 nd Adobe walls & Palo Duro Canyon Peace Treaty

32. Battle at Palo Duro Canyon Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa Apaches, Cheyenne, and Arapahos Mackenzie's soldiers and Tonkawa scouts Three warriors dead and One white was killed.