1. Leaders of Cuba

2. Gerardo Machado 1925-1933

3. Gerardo Machado

4. Julio Antonio Mella

5. Leaders of the 1933 Revolution Batista Grau Gietaras PSP Partido Socialista Popular (The Cuban Communist Party) – Roca, Marinello

6. Fulgencio Batista

7. Batista and Ramon Grau

8. Ramon Grau 1933-34 Began to Rewrite the Constitution. He nationalized two sugar mills and an electric company. The government owned the companies. He didn’t pay back U.S. loans.

9. Nationalization of Sugar and Electric Read text Grau to Mendieta Read text

10. Carlos Mendieta and the National Union Party 1934-35

11. Federico Bru brought the new Constitution to power in 1940. It was called the Constitution of 1940. Platt Amendment was truly reversed except for clause 7.

12. Batista 1940-44

13. Batista 1940-44 Reversed the Constitution of 1940

14. Ramon Grau 1944-48 and Carlos Socrarras 1948-52 Cuban Revolutionary Party

15. Batista 1952-59

16. July 26 th Movement started by Fidel Castro in 1953

17. He was arrested for 2 years

18. Castro’s Comrades? Raul Castro Che Guevara

19. Raul Castro

21. Che Guevera

22. The July 26 th Movement of 1953 successfully overthrew the Batista Regime in 1959. The movement initiated work stoppages but mostly armed force.

23. January 1 st 1959

24. What Happened to Cuba immediately after the revolution? How did Castro organize the government? 3 main departments Land Reform Education – education for all Health – health care for all

25. Presidents assigned by Fidel Castro 1959 Manuel Urrutia Lleo 1959-1976 Osvaldo Toraddo 1976-2008 Fidel Castro 2008-Present Raul Castro

26. Land Reform Laws National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) headed by Che Guevara who was the Minister of Industries No one can have more than 1000 acres of land. Private ownership beyond this amount is not allowed. The extra land was redistributed among peasants. Each person would have 67 acres each. Revolutionaries were upset about this – Why?

27. Urrutia Lleo Left Office

28. What was the Cold War The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR. It was termed a “proxy” war. 1945 – 1989/1991 Communism vs. capitalism Capitalism – an economic system that allows individual to make money and start businesses. Private ownership. Money makes more money. (Democracy – a system of government ) Communism – an economic system in which private ownership does not exist. (Dictatorship/Monarchy – a system )

29. What is capitalism? What is communism?

30. Cuba in the Cold War The land reform laws, despite Castro’s rejection of communism, led the U.S. to conclude that Cuba was becoming a communist nation and led the Soviet’s to support Cuba.

31. Continuation of Cuba in the Cold War The Soviet Union Gave Oil to Cuban Companies. This along with the Land Reform Laws and the full nationalization of the sugar and electricity businesses angered the U.S. – Our government told U.S Companies (Shell and Texaco) not to refine any of the petroleum given to Cuba by the Soviet Union. – Embargo was enacted in 1962 through the “Cuba Democracy Act.” U.S. companies could no longer sell goods to Cuba. The Cuban Democracy Act stated that Cuba should allow people to own businesses privately and an embargo will remain until the land reform laws and business laws are lifted.