1. Basic Endodontic Instruments

2. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Hand pieces

3. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Burs

4. Instrument s for access cavity preparation

5. Instrument s for access cavity preparation

6. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Name Burs Function several types of burs will be used to accomplish good access preparation Fissure burs are used in the initial stage of access preparation to establish the correct outline form ,Round burs are used to lift the roof of the pulp chamber and eliminate overhanging dentine ,Tapered Non end-cutting bur is used to 'lift lid' of pulp chamber and refine cavity.

7. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Front surface mirror

8. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Name Front surface mirror Function is best suited for visibility deep within the pulp chamber.

9. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
root canal explorer

10. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Name probe/root canal explorer Function Used to probe and detect canal openings within the pulp chamber

11. Extirpation Instrument
endodontic spoon excavator

12. Instrument s for access cavity preparation
Name Endo excavator Function “Larger than conventional excavator" its shape allows curettage of the pulp chamber when conventional one will not reach the floor of the chamber, and used as surgical aid to excavate periapical lesion.

13. Extirpation Instrument
Barbed broach

14. Extirpation Instrument
Barbed broach

15. Extirpation Instrument
Barbed broach

16. Extirpation Instrument
Name
Barbed broaches
Functions
• Used to remove the intact pulp
• ‘Barbs’ on the broach snag the pulp to facilitate removal
.Retrieve a paper point or cotton pellet trapped in the canal .
Loosen debris in necrotic canal.

17. Extirpation Instrument
The braded broach comes in different sizes, and the selection of suitable size is very important, it should fit loosely inside the canal, when braded broach size is larger than the canal size, the hooks of B.B engaged in the dentinal wall of the canal and stick there "Jammed broach" and with drawing it becomes difficult and might fracture inside the canal, if the dentist faced by Jammed broach, the broach should be removed vertically without twisting. The B.B must only be used in the straight part of the canal, and insertion of the broach (not exceed 2\3) of the canal length of the ideal way to use it is

18. ISO standardization

19. ISO standardization
Before a standardized configuration was adopted, endodontic instrument varied greatly from one manufacturer to another. The configuration adopted is that set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), All ISO hand instruments, along with paper points, silver points and standardized gutta-percha points, conform to this system. ISO standardized files have a cutting length of 16 mm, have a specified diameter at the tip (termed D1) and increase in diameter by 0.02 mm for each millimeter along the file, so that at the end of the cutting part (16 mm along the file) the diameter (termed D2) is 0.32 mm greater than at D1. This is called an .02 taper. Files may vary in length, any extra length is provided by a ‘blank’ portion. The nominal size of the instrument is based on the diameter of its tip (the diameter at D1) expressed in hundredths of a millimeter. Thus an ISO size 50 file will have a tip diameter of 0.50 mm.

20. ISO standardization also uses a color for each size, as shown below:
Nominal Size
Pink 06
Grey 08
Purple 10
White
Yellow
Red
Blue
Green
Black
The amount of increase in diameter from one inst. to the next is 0.05 mm in inst. from size 10 – 60, and 0.1 mm in inst. from size 60 – 140.

21. Instruments for root canal preparation
K- reamer

22. Instruments for root canal preparation
K- reamer

23. Instruments for root canal preparation
K-reamer instruments can be manufactured by twisting a square or triangular blank by machine . reamer used in shaping the canal Action o'clock wise quarter –turn twist . .

24. Instruments for root canal preparation
K- file

25. Instruments for root canal preparation
K- file
instruments can be manufactured by twisting a square or triangular blank by machine the blank is twisted into a tighter series of spiral than reamer also K- file are more flexible than reamer .
K -Files with a triangular cross-section tend to have superior cutting characteristics and are more flexible, and hence less likely to transport the canal during preparation. .
Action
clock wise half –turn twist . .

26. Instruments for root canal preparation
Hedstrom file

27. Instruments for root canal preparation
Hedstom file

28. Instruments for root canal preparation
Hedstrom file
are machined from a tapered cylindrical block. In cross-section they have the appearance of a series of intersecting cones. Hedstroem files are highly efficient at removing dentin on the outstroke when used in a filing motion, but have poor fracture resistance in rotation
Action
withdrawal stroke . .

29. NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary instruments

30. NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary instruments
These files are used to flare the coronal aspect of the root canal. Although they are manufactured from nickel-titanium the files are relatively inflexible, as the cross-sectional diameter is larger than that of a standard file (ISO). The use of these instruments is therefore best restricted to the relatively straight parts of the root canal to avoid strip perforation. It is recommended that they are used in a hand piece driven by an electric motor at rpm

31. Gates-Glidden drills

32. Gates-Glidden drills

33. Gates-Glidden drills
Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in the conventional hand piece Different sizes – coded by rings or colored bands on shank Are slightly flexible and will follow the canal shape but can perforate the canal if used too deeply
functions :
Preparing the coronal two thirds of molars canals.
Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post space preparation or during retreatment.
Widen the canal when an instrument has fractured within it.

34. Peeso Reamer
نلننهحتن

35. Peeso reamers drills
Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in the conventional hand piece Different sizes – coded by rings or colored bands on shank, Peeso reamers are not flexible or adaptable, if not used with care can perforate canal
functions :
Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post space preparation or during retreatment.

36. Instruments for root canal preparation
Disposable irrigating syringe and disposable needle

37. Instruments for root canal preparation
Name
Disposable irrigating syringe and disposable needle
Function, features and precaution
• Used with an irrigant to clean and disinfect the canal during endodontic treatment
• A blunt needle with side exiting delivery will reduce the risk of the needle binding
within the canal

38. Instruments for root canal preparation
Absorbent paper points

39. Instruments for root canal preparation
Name Absorbent paper points Functions • To absorb any moisture in the canal (i.e. blood, pus and saliva) • To carry medicaments into the canal

40. Instruments for root canal Filling
Gutta - percha

41. Instruments for root canal Filling
Name
Gutta percha points
Function and features
• Non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensed into the pulp chamber during obturation
• Standardized type: follows same ISO classification as endodontic files
• Non-standardized: have a greater taper than the standard ISO type

42. Instruments for root canal Filling
Hand spreader

43. Instruments for root canal Filling
Finger spreader

44. Instruments for root canal Filling
spreader

45. Instruments for root canal Filling
Name Finger spreader Function, features and precaution • Finger instrument with a smooth, pointed, tapered working end • Used to condense gutta percha laterally into the canal during obturation

46. Instruments for root canal Filling
Hand Plugger

47. Instruments for root canal Filling
Finger Plugger

48. Instruments for root canal Filling
Plugger

49. Instruments for root canal Filling
Name Endodontic plugger Function Working end is flat to facilitate plugging or condensing the gutta percha vertically after the excess has been removed by melting off with a heated instrument

50. Instruments for root canal Filling
Lentulo spiral Drill

51. Instruments for root canal Filling
Name
Lentulo spiral filler/rotary paste filler
Function and features
• Small flexible instrument used to place materials into the canal
• Fits into the conventional hand piece
• Use with caution as it can be easily broken

52. the endodontic ruler

53. the endodontic ruler

54. the endodontic ruler Function
• Special endodontic rulers are available for measuring the length of finger instruments

55. Endodontic block or Transfer sponge

56. Endodontic block or Transfer sponge
Functions • An endodontic block is a sturdy block used to organize and hold endodontic finger and rotary instruments during procedures; • Reduces the possibility of percutaneous injuries when handling endodontic finger and rotary instruments

57. Endo locking tweezers

58. Endo locking tweezers
Endo – locking pliers or (endo locking tweezers):
it has lock "latch" that permits materials to be held without continuous finger pressure, it has a groove at the tip, the grooved tip facilitate holding absorbent points and gutta – percha cones.

59. Electronic Apex Locators

60. Electronic Apex Locators
Name Apex locator Functions • An electronic instrument used to determine the distance to the apical foramen • The screen allows the operator to visualize the file movement during instrumentation

61. Electric pulp tester

62. Electric pulp tester
Name Electric pulp tester Function and directions for use • Used to test the vitality of a tooth using electric stimulus • Electric stimulus is increased in small increments until the patient can feel the stimulus • Toothpaste or prophy paste is used to conduct the current from the pulp tester to the tooth

63. operating microscope

64. Loupes & Operating microscope
Illumination and magnification are vital for the location of root canals. The endodontist would use a surgical microscope while a general dental practitioner might have loupes and a headlight that give excellent magnification and illumination .