1. The Atmosphere

2. Model it  Draw a model of what you think the Earth’s atmosphere looks like on your notes. ?

3. Outline  What is it?  What is it made of?  Why do we need it?  What are the different layers of it like?

4. Introduction Assess prior knowledge  Make some predictions about the atmosphere, then watch the following video. –What is the air like 24 miles above Earth’s surface? –What is the temperature like? –Where does outer space start? –Will the jumper feel the “wind” rushing against him as he starts his jump? –https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHtvDA0W34I (1:30 Red Bull Video)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHtvDA0W34I –https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYw4meRWGd4 (8 min GoPro video)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYw4meRWGd4

5. After the video- Discuss Why is he in a space suit? –What are the air and the temperature like 24 miles above Earth’s surface? –Why does the balloon get larger the higher it goes? –Was he in “outer space”? –Does his space suit start flapping in the wind right away?

6.  Felix jumped 24 miles above sea level  “Wind” started about 16 up miles- why?

7. 4 Expected World Records He broke 3 (didn’t break free fall time record- missed it by 17 seconds)

8. What is the atmosphere?  A blanket of gases that surround Earth and are held in place by gravitational forces.

9. What is the atmosphere made of?  The atmosphere is made of solids, liquids, and gases.  Gases: –78% Nitrogen (N) –21% Oxygen (O) –1% trace gases including- Argon (Ar), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Neon (Ne), Helium (He), Hydrogen (H), and Ozone (O 3 )

10. Do you think the atmosphere was the same 4.6 billion years ago? Just formed Earth: Like Earth, the hydrogen (H 2 ) and helium (He) were very warm. These molecules of gas moved so fast they escaped Earth's gravity and eventually all drifted off into space. Young Earth: Volcanoes released gases H 2 O (water) as steam, carbon dixoide (CO 2 ), and ammonia (NH 3 ). Carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater. Simple bacteria thrived on sunlight and CO 2. By-product is oxygen (O 2 ).

11. As plants evolved, so did our atmosphere Current Earth: Plants and animals thrive in balance. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and give off oxygen (O 2 ). Animals take in oxygen (O 2 ) and give off CO 2. Burning stuff also gives off CO 2.

12. Liquids in the atmosphere  Water vapor  (0-4%) –Varies with humidity levels

13. Solids in the atmosphere –Dust –Pollen (varies with seasons)

14. Why do we need an atmosphere?  What would Earth be like without one?

15. 1. Contains air for respiration and photosynthesis

16. 2. Controls Earth’s temperature

17.  But too much atmosphere can be bad! –It makes Venus the hottest planet in the Solar System (Average temp: 800+ degrees F)

18. 3. Protects us from: –Harmful sun rays – UV (ultraviolet) –Meteors, asteroids, etc.

19. What are the different layers of the atmosphere?

20. Layers  5 layers starting at Earth’s surface and going up: –Troposphere (lowest) –Stratosphere –Mesosphere –Thermosphere –Exosphere (highest)

21. Make up an acronym to remember the layers  TSMTE –Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere  The Starving Monkey Tries Eggs

22.  Troposphere –Altitude (Height): surface to 6 miles –Air pressure: decreases –Temperature: decreases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGNxYtT_36I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGNxYtT_36I –Phenomenon: 75% of atmospheric gases found here, planes fly here, weather occurs here

23.  Stratosphere –Altitude (Height): 6-30 miles –Air pressure: decreases –Temperature: increases –Phenomenon: Weather balloons travel to this height, ozone layer here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoMN-zg7r3Mhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoMN-zg7r3M Train in stratosphere

24. Why is this hotel named the Stratosphere?

25. Ozone Layer  Made of three oxygen atoms bonded into a molecule of O 3 (Not a compound-only has one type of atom)  It absorbs most of the ultra violet radiation from the sun (UV rays)

26.  The ozone protects us from skin cancer  The ozone layer has been damaged by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

27.  Mesosphere –Altitude (Height): 30-50 miles –Air pressure: decreases –Temperature: decreases (coldest layer) –Phenomenon: Where meteors burn up http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=Y66O HiB_p4I 2013 Russian meteorite video

28.  Thermosphere –Altitude (Height): 50-400 miles –To officially be called an astronaut you must reach a height of 60 miles –Air pressure: decreases –Temperature: increases –Phenomenon: X-ray and UV energy is absorbed here, causing high temperatures, space shuttle flew here, International Space Station orbits in this layer, Northern lights happen here

29. Northern Lights: Charged particles from the sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field in the thermosphere

30.  Exosphere –Altitude (Height): 400-600 miles –Air pressure: decreases (very few air molecules) –Temperature: decreases –Phenomenon: Boundary with “outer space”

31. Atmospheric Pressure  As you increase in altitude, air pressure decreases. Water bottles in a plane are crushed as a plane descends due to increasing air pressure

32. Why is Denver considered a “hitter’s park” more than other baseball stadiums? Fly balls typically travel about 5% farther at Coors than at Fenway, all other things equal. Therefore a 380 ft drive at Fenway will travel nearly 400 ft at Coors Field. Lower air density than other fields.

33.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJHJsA7 bYGc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJHJsA7 bYGc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJHJsA7 bYGc  Atmospheric pressure (5 mins)

34. Atmospheric Temperatures  Some layers easily absorb the Sun’s energy, while others do not.  Temperatures vary in each layer.

35. Model it  Modify your original model of what you think the Earth’s atmosphere looks like, include any new information you learned. ?

36. Review

37. Name the Layers  Name the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere starting from Earth. –Troposphere –Stratosphere –Mesosphere –Thermosphere –Exosphere

38. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? Nitrogen (78%) then Oxygen (21%)

39.  Why do we need our atmosphere? Provides air for respiration and photosynthesis Controls our temperature Protects us from harmful sun rays and meteors

40.  Why is it harder to breathe when you climb tall mountains? –Less air pressure, so there are fewer oxygen molecules

41.  What happens if our ozone layer disappears? –More harmful rays can reach earth’s surface and increase skin cancer rates

42. Review of Layers Video  http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/ja ms/science/weather-and-climate/earths- atmosphere.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/ja ms/science/weather-and-climate/earths- atmosphere.htm http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/ja ms/science/weather-and-climate/earths- atmosphere.htm

43. Intro to Web quest  http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atm osphere/overview.html http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atm osphere/overview.html http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atm osphere/overview.html  http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ astronomy/planets/earth/Atmosphere.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ astronomy/planets/earth/Atmosphere.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ astronomy/planets/earth/Atmosphere.shtml  http://www.vtaide.com/png/atmosphere.htm http://www.vtaide.com/png/atmosphere.htm  http://forces.si.edu/atmosphere/interactive/at mosphere.html http://forces.si.edu/atmosphere/interactive/at mosphere.html http://forces.si.edu/atmosphere/interactive/at mosphere.html