1. ORAL PRESENTATIONS

2. Oral Presentations Objectives: - to convey your message clearly in an interesting and controlled manner - to create a favorable impression using nervous energy in a positive way

3. Characteristics of effective speakers: l authority l conviction l energy

4. Five purposes of oral presentations l to educate; to inform l to inspire; to motivate l to stimulate; to provoke l to entertain l to introduce or thank a guest speaker

5. Secondary purposes l to gain a sense of achievement l to develop the skills to be an effective leader

6. Parts of an oral presentation l Introduction (preview) l Details (content) l Conclusion (closing comments)

7. Introduction - provide a road map; introduce your -topic; tell what you’ll talk about -clearly establish your purpose E.g. - Today I am going to talk about... - I will discuss three concepts … - These are the areas I will cover…

8. Details - provide the ‘content’ as you stated, in the order you listed - use transitional devices to bridge or link information E.g. for example, first, second, third, last, next, after, as a result, when

9. Conclusion - signal to the audience that your presentation is ending - sum up what you’ve said - leave the audience with something memorable or of benefit

10. Secrets of effective speakers Preparation: l know the audience’s background; speaking environment l research the topic; know what you’re talking about l aim for simplicity and conciseness l anticipate audience’s reactions and questions l outline the presentation; PRACTISE

11. Types of presentations: l Impromptu l Extemporaneous l Scripted How to present: - conversational - heightened conversational - performance - oratorical

12. Extemporaneous delivery Tips: l choose appropriate material, organize it in an outline and use notes l carefully prepare the introduction and conclusion l develop word pictures to support your points l rehearse with your notes and any visuals l develop clear bridges between various parts of your talk

13. Speaking Effectively 1 - 1,000 Four main components of public speaking: l Mental - positive self-talk and attitude l Visual - (55%) what you wear, posture, eye contact, facial expression, gestures l Vocal - (38%) how you use your voice l Verbal - (7%) the content of your talk

14. Presentation pitfalls l make no eye contact l seem like a robot l hide behind the lectern l speak too softly/loudly l sway, fidget, pace l ramble or lose your place l never get to the point l fumble with notes and visuals l rush through important points

15. Delivering your presentation Manage your presentation style - Display enthusiasm and confidence - Use natural movements and reasonable posture - Adjust volume, pronunciation and rate - Don’t preach - Maintain eye contact Manage your speaking style - Be responsive to listener feedback - Stick to your plan - Leave listeners with something to remember - Allow time for questions and answers