1. Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3/E David Capuzzi & Mark D. Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 7 Motivational Interviewing Updated by Melinda Haley, Walden University

2. Basic Tenets Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Change is the central feature of any therapeutic interaction. Motivational interviewing is a relationship- centered, client-centered system of change. Motivational interviewing is a transtheoretical approach to the change process.

3. Stages of Change Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Precontimplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

4. Change and Resistance Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Change: The act, process, or result of altering or modifying. Resistance: An interpersonal exchange whereby a client appears to be working against change while a counselor may seem to be arguing for change. Motivational interviewing encourages counselors to approach resistance with welcoming arms.

5. Helping Clients Achieve Change Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Motivational interviewing is primarily used as a communication style that helps to facilitate change when clients are ambivalent about changing their behaviors. Clients whose counselors use MI are more likely to engage in change talk and commitment talk throughout the therapeutic process, which is predictive of better treatment outcomes.

6. Primary Principles Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Express Empathy Develop Discrepancy Roll with Resistance Support Self-Efficacy

7. Techniques Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ask open ended questions Use reflective listening Provide affirmation Summarize Elicit change talk

8. Role of Resistance Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Dissonance Consonance Resistance Arguing Interrupting Negating Ignoring

9. Reducing Resistance Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Maximize change talk Examine the disadvantages and advantages Reduce resistance talk Decrease client’s comfort with the status quo Refrain from advocacy talk Use reflection Shift focus Reframe

10. Guiding the Change Process Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Enhancing Confidence Confidence-boosting strategies may include reviewing past successes, examining personal strengths and supports, and/or creating hypothetical change. Strengthening Commitment Strengthening commitment involves the counselor actively reiterating and highlighting what a client has accomplished since beginning the change process.

11. Advantages of MI Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Clients discover their own reasons for change. Impetus to change comes from the client. Empirically validated.

12. Disadvantages of MI Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved May not have the same effectiveness with severely mentally ill clients. Motivational interviewing may not be sufficient in reaching all of a client’s goals.

13. Useful Web Sites Foundations of Addictions Counseling, 3e Capuzzi & Stauffer Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Motivational Interviewing Founder’s Site http://www.motivationalinterview.org Motivational Interviewing with a Corrections Population/ Lesson Plans http://www.nicic.org/Library/019791 Motivational Interviewing Guidelines http://www.bhrm.org/guidelines/motiveint.pdf