1. Getting Research into use TOT - The ruling paradigm Centrally conducted science in specialized organizations Production technologies for mandated crops NARS Applied research Extension agencies Farmers TOT - ‘transfer of technology’ model Dominated policy until recently The ‘engine’ of the Green Revolution Faith in the scientific method as the main source of improved technological practices for the poorest of the poor

2. 2000 - MDGs Millenium Development Goals MDGs recognised that rural poverty in poor countries persists and getting worse in some places If scientific knowledge is to contribute to MDGs then the ‘TOT’ model needs to be re-visited Disinterested research in well funded institutions can play an important role but…… More is required: Science is only part of the story Need new types of institutional practices What are these and how should they be introduced?

3. The New Agriculture ‘One size fits all’ model of agriculture research not suited to the realities of developing country agriculture sector Niche sectors are emerging Drivers Globalisation of markets, rapid urbanization, industrialisation of the food chain and increasing role of the private sector Aquaculture Horticulture – cut flowers Processed food New Agriculture may not benefit poor farmers in the traditional way Non-farm employment E.g. Cut flowers in Kenya employs 50,000 workers – mainly women

4. RiU programme has been an attempt to do just this http://www.researchintouse.com/ New thinking is required to address agricultural poverty

5. Emerging lessons from RiU Research products are just one element needed to 'enable innovation in agriculture’ Brokering networks and alliances is a critical role – New types of entrepreneurs are emerging in poor countries Innovation champions to put research into use requires a champion who is able to navigate complex political and institutional landscapes, building networks of practitioners and policy actors – and this is unlikely to be the originator of the research Commercial opportunities – Need for investment experts to develop a model ultimately resulting in stand- alone, high-growth, profitable businesses………………….