1. Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam Important Ideas and Information Muhammad *the Prophet Muhammad * last prophet, God’s messenger *revelation from angel Gabriel Mecca *Muhammad born in 570 *trading center *religious center *Ka’aba *pilgrimage *Abraham and Ismael built it as shrine to Allah *Not all Arabs believed in one God *believed in many gods Arabian Peninsula *mixed religious environment Thoughts, Questions V:sacred shrine V: journey to sacred place V: Arabic for God T: monotheism T: polytheism T: Jews, Christians, other

2. Muhammad *orphan * raised by uncle *married wealthy widow *prosperous merchant The Prophet, Muhammad *disagreed with worshipping idols and treatment of poor *prayed in cave *40 years old – first revelation from Gabriel *preached of one God to family and rejection of idols *accepted Islam *others rejected his message Muslims *poor people *slaves *women *persecuted by powerful Meccans *banished from Mecca Yathrib *city north of Mecca *open to Muhammad’s simple message *welcomed Muhammad and his followers Important Ideas and Information Thoughts, Questions V: monotheistic religion based on submitting to God’s will V: followers of Islam

3. Yathrib continued *622 Muhammad journeys there * called Hijrah *renamed Medina Muhammad the Leader *8 years of fighting with Meccans *Muhammad makes pilgrimage to Mecca, refused entrance *treaty was signed by Muhammad and leaders of Mecca *630 treaty broken *Muhammad marches an army to Mecca and forces city to surrender *removes idols from the Ka’aba *dedicated shrine to Allah *Muhammad is great political, religious and military leader *respected *signed treaties with nomadic tribes of Arabia *Islam finds acceptance *military successes *632 – Muhammad dies Important Ideas and Information Thoughts, Questions V: Muhammad’s journey to Yathrib T: city of the Prophet T: conquers by force T: unified large part of Arabian Peninsula under Islam