1. MOXIBUSTION Pharmacology Complementary and Alternative Medicine C-1 October 9, 2009

2. Introduction Derived from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) Used for smooth blood flow and qi when there is stagnation Disperses cold (around joints, certain types of menstrual pain)

3. MOA Heat stimulation with accompanying inflammatory response –Heat induced vasoconstriction occurs at the site of moxibustion –Vasodilation occurs around the site of moxibustion Release of histamine and substance P Increased number of lymphocytes Stimulation of mast cell degranulation Increased capillary vascular permeability

4. Neurotransmitters involved Substance P, endorphins, enkephalins, serotonins, quinins

5. Advantages Effective in improving general health Expels coldness, dissolves swells and lumps –Tones qi which can warm the body –Removes obstruction from lymphatic drainage Smooth flow of qi and blood Increased blood flow stimulates uterine contractions facilitating menstruation and movement of fetus Good effect in treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions

6. Advantages Increases production of WBC, RBC, Hgb More effective treatment of acute internal ailments than acupuncture Safer than acupuncture Can be used as home therapy Effective for many types of mild depression and fatigue –Lifts spirit with its aroma and provides relaxation

7. Indications Back pain Muscle stiffness Headaches Migraines Tendonitis Arthritis Digestive disorders Anxiety Female health problems –Menstrual cramps –Irregular periods –Infertility

8. Indications Bronchial asthma Pulmonary TB Breech position of fetus Neurasthenia Chronic pelvic inflammation Hypertension –Lowers BP –Reduce blood viscosity –Dilates blood vessels

9. Contraindications Hot conditions Headache (from liver yang rising or liver fire) Over the abdomen or sacrum during pregnancy Broken skin Direct moxa on the face

10. Materials Lighter/candle Direct moxa –Moxa cone or stick-on –Salt, ginger Indirect –Moxa stick –Moxa box –Acupuncture needles

11. TYPES OF MOXIBUSTION Direct –Moxa cone Scarring Non-scarring –Moxa stick-on Indirect –With acupuncture

12. Direct Moxibustion using stick on moxa

13. Direct Moxibustion

14. Indirect Moxibustion Moxa Stick

15. Indirect Moxibustion Acupuncture

16. Caution! Never leave patient alone while using moxa Dispose carefully: –Use moxa extinguisher to put the smouldering end of the pole in –Dispose of moxa ash in the sink –Never tip into the bin while it is still warm

17. THANK YOU!