1. + Adolescence Chapter 4 2015

2. + Ice-Breaker: Turn to page 93 in your text books and read “Exploring Psychology” How do you feel about the statement “The Nature of Adolescence”?

3. + Adolescence: In our society, adolescence is a preparation time for learning & acquiring Adult responsibilities. There are many Initiation Rites Ceremonies or Rituals in which an individual is admitted to new status or accepted into a new position. Can you identify the following:

4. Initiation Rites:

5. 2 Major Theories of Adolescence: G. Stanley Hall 1904 Saw this period as one of “storm & stress” Seen as a ‘fully grown animal in a cage – sees its freedom, but doesn’t know how to get out.’ Similar to what Anna Freud wrote in 1946….

6. Adolescence continued…. Margaret Mead 1935 Found that adolescence can be a time of peace & relaxation. Theorized that only in Industrial societies (like ours) do teens suffer from the stresses of life.

7. + Take a look at the list below, Do Not Copy them: 1. Accepting one’s physical makeup & acquiring a masculine or feminine gender role. 2. Developing appropriate relations with age-mates of both sexes. 3. Becoming emotionally independent of parents & other adults. 4. Achieving the assurance that one will become economically independent 5. Deciding on, preparing for, and entering a vocation. 6. Developing the cognitive skills & concepts necessary for social competence. 7. Understanding & achieving socially responsible behavior. 8. Preparing for marriage & family. 9. Acquiring values that are harmonious & appropriate.

8. + Sexual Development Adolescence is the time when an individual develops attitudes about sex & expectations about the gender role they will fill. Early sexual maturity & cultural patterns of sexual behavior have changed. The average age of marriage today is 27; only 4-5 years later than in 1950.

9. + Continued….. Between 2000 and 2009 the UN reported that the teenage birth rate was between 40-50 / per 1,000 women in the age group 15-19 in the USA. According to the CDC there were nearly 20-million new STD infections reported in 2011. Statistics shows the U.S. teen birth rate has continued its recent declines to hit a record low of 31.3 births per 1,000 women in 2011. Children born of teenage mothers are more likely to become teenage parents themselves, do poorly in school & serve time in prison. HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. As of 2011 around 34-million people have HIV worldwide. (17.2 million are men; 16.8 million are women and 3.4 million are less than 15 years old. But condom use has risen from 55% before 1985 to 84% as of 2010. Teens today are choosing Abstinence Choice to avoid harmful behaviors which include drug & alcohol use as well as premarital sex.

10. + The Mind of the Adolescent: So what happens when a child reaches the age of 14…15…16? How is that the cute, even-tempered, happy and well-behaved child you’ve known for a decade is suddenly someone you don’t know at all? Children are changing and trying to figure themselves out; their brains & bodies are undergoing extensive reorganization; their apparent recklessness, rudeness and cluelessness are not totally their fault – All of this is neurologically, psychologically and physiologically explainable. Adolescence is a ‘minefield.’ Adolescence as a subject has only been studied since the middle of the 20 th century – The term ‘teenager’ was coined in 1941. Entering The Teen Years:

11. + Finishing High School is the #1 Initiation Rite of Americans Adolescence begins with puberty and with Hormones, which for the most part your brain has never seen before Though found in your body, the concentrations of Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone rise sharply with puberty – these hormones E & P are also linked to chemicals in our brain that control mood. In boys, T is linked to the Amygdala, a structure that controls our fight or flight response – aggression and fear. All three of these hormones are active on the Limbic System – which is the emotional center of our brain. Teenagers are Emotionally volatile as well as Seeking Emotionally charged experiences. What is a Teenager? … Man-child; Woman-child; Quasi-adult.

12. + Time of Increased response to stress This may explain why Anxiety disorders including panic- attacks typically arise during puberty. Teens don’t have the tolerance for stress as adults do. They exhibit stress-induced illness…colds, headaches, upset stomachs, nail biting to eating disorders Teens are bombarded by stress…from home, school, peers, the media and Internet. In 2007, researchers at SUNY reported that the hormone THP which usually moderates stress in adults has the reverse effects on teens – it ramps it up, not down