1. PASSIVE VOICE IN THE PASTPASSIVE VOICE IN THE PAST

2. HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE Someone cleans the streets every day The streets are cleaned every day VERB CHANGES: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (same verbal tense of the active sentence) Columbus discovered America in 1492 America was discovered by Columbus in 1492 Many past participles are irregular. You can find a list of many commonly used past participles at http://www.myenglishteacher.net/irregular_verbs.html http://www.myenglishteacher.net/irregular_verbs.html

3. We have elected a new President A new President has been elected (by us) They are playing the match on Saturday The match is being played on Saturday (by them) VERB CHANGES: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (same verbal tense of the active sentence) me  I him  he her  she them  they us  we If the object is a pronoun, make sure to change it to a subject pronoun: me  I him  he her  she them  they us  we I bought him a present. He was bought a present.

4. TENSEACTIVEPASSIVE Past Simple I made a cake. A cake was made. Past Continuous I was making a cake. A cake was being made. Present Perfect I have made a cake A cake has been made. Past Perfect I had made a cake. A cake had been made. Modal Perfect I should have made a cake. A cake should have been made.

5. THE NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLDTHE NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

6. CHICHEN ITZA – YUCATAN, MEXICOCHICHEN ITZA – YUCATAN, MEXICO Chichen Itza is a group of pyramids and other structures that was built by the Mayans.

7. CHRIST THE REDEEMER STATUE – RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL This symbol of Rio de Janeiro was built in the 1920s. It is made of soapstone and concrete.

8. THE COLOSSEUM – ROME, ITALYTHE COLOSSEUM – ROME, ITALY The Colosseum is a giant stadium constructed by the ancient Romans. It was finished in less than 8 years.

9. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINATHE GREAT WALL OF CHINA The Great Wall of China was built to defend the Chinese Empire A lottery called keno was used to pay for it.

10. MACHU PICCHU – CUZCO, PERUMACHU PICCHU – CUZCO, PERU This “Lost City of the Incas” was built in the 15 th century. It was rediscovered in 1911.

11. PETRA, JORDANPETRA, JORDAN The ancient city of Petra, Jordan is famous for buildings that were cut into the rock.

12. TAJ MAHAL – AGRA, INDIA The Taj Mahal was built by emperor Shah Jahan to remember his wife after she died.

13. WHAT ARE THE 7 WONDERS OF KOREA?WHAT ARE THE 7 WONDERS OF KOREA? With your group, decide what the 7 most amazing things are that everyone should see in Korea. Present your 7 wonders to the class. Things you could mention in your presentation about each wonder: When was it built? Who built it? Why was it built? How was it built? What was it used for? What important things happened there? Why is it a wonder?

14. DISCUSSION QUESTIONSDISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.What ancient buildings have you visited? What did you think about them? 2.What ancient buildings and cities do you want to visit? Why? 3.What ancient civilizations do you think are most interesting? Why? 4.Why do you think ancient people built massive monuments? 5.What kind of monument would you like to build? 6.Korea is also an ancient civilization. What do you know about life in Korea in ancient times (over 2000 years ago)? 7.Egyptian kings wanted to be buried under a pyramid. What do you want to be done with your body after you die? 8.Some people think the Egyptians had help from aliens building the pyramids. Do you think aliens have ever visited Earth? 9.Tourism brings a lot of money to many countries, but also can damage the local environment. Do you think more tourism would be good for Korea? 10.How do you think Korea could encourage more tourism?

15. HOMEWORK Please complete the following exercises from Pathways 2: Page 145A Page 148B Page 155C Write your answers on a sheet of A4-sized paper so you can turn it in during next week’s class.