1. More Isms!

2. I do have a test today. It’s on European socialism. I mean, really, what’s the point? I’m not European. I don’t plan being European. So who cares if they’re socialist or not? They could be fascist anarchists. It still doesn’t change the fact that I don’t own a car. Not that I condone fascism, or any –ism for that matter. _ism’s in my opinion are not good. A person should not believe in an –ism, he could believe in himself. I quote John Lennon. “I don’t believe in the Beatles, I just believe in me.” Good point there. After all, he was the walrus. I could be the walrus. I’d still have to bum rides off people. Name that movie...

3. Capitalism Factors of production: 1.Raw materials 2.Factories 3.Products 4.Income 5.Demand ** 1-3, ALL PRIVATELY OWNED** –$$$ invested in businesses to make profit #3 #4#5

4. Rise of Corporations Large companies require a great deal of money –Entrepreneur: Organizer, operator of companies Sells stock to raise money for business venture –Stock: Individual shares of company –In essence become part owner of company, shareholder –Corporation: Owned by shareholders: –Share in profits, not personally responsible for company debts –Corporations able to raise money necessary to purchase industrial equipment

5. Sir Richard Branson Sells Stock, who become share holders Form corporations “Virgin Atlantic”

6. Republicanism On the Continent radicalism = republicanism Loved 1 st French Republic –Represented hope and progress Minority, even in France Met in secret Intelligentsia –Students and writers –Working class leaders –Elderly veterans

7. Republican’s Wanted Another revolution Liberty, equality, fraternity Political equality Universal male sufferage Parliamentary govt. DEMOCRATS!

8. Hated Clergy –Catholic Church the enemy Monarchy Aristocracy

9. Socialism Republicans would become socialists Had some of the same views and some new ones

10. Socialism Factors of production: –Raw materials, –Factories, –Stores All owned by public/govt. –No private businesses –Shares the products with ALL **Grows out of optimistic view of human nature** –Are all people good? (1886) Walter Crane The vampire bat of capitalism, sucking the life out of the laborer.

11. Socialism’s Views Current economic system unjust and chaotic Improper for business owner to have so much economic power –Give or deny work –Set wages or hours –Advance private profit Questioned value of private enterprise

12. Wanted communal ownership of production assets –Banks –Factories –Machines –Land –Transportation –Fairer and more equal distribution of income –Social and economic equality HATED AND REJECTED –Laissez Faire

13. Socialism Disliked Competition Wanted –Harmony –Coordination –Organization –Association –Looking to finish the French Revolution

14. Robert Owen Utopianism Socialist and Cotton Lord Appalled @ conditions in his mill Created model community –High wages –Reduced hours –Corrected vice and drunkenness –Built schools and houses –Company stores for cheap sale of workers necessities

15. Count de Saint-Simon Socialist Followers called themselves Saint- Simonians Wanted –Public ownership of industrial equipment –Plan great projects like digging a Suez canal

16. Charles Fourier Organize society into small units –“Phalansteries” –1,620 people in each –Each working in job of natural inclination –Never worked

17. Working Class Socialists Mix of revolutionary republicanism and socialism Workers again politically unimportant Discriminated against –Unfairly treated in law courts –Had to carry ID papers Became v. hostile toward “owning class”

18. Louis Blanc Organization of Work (1839) Social workshops Workers labor by and for themselves w/o intervention of private capitalists

19. Feminism Women’s rights Especially the right to vote Anne Wheeler – Appeal on Behalf of Women (1825) John Stuart Mill –The Subjection of Women (1869) –Women inherently equal to men

20. Nationalism Reaction against Napoleon –German –Italian –Slavic

21. Volkgeist National spirit Common –Language –History –World view –Culture Need to preserve nat’l culture –Governing authorities should be same nationality as those they governed –All persons of nationality should be in same state

22. Secret Society Nationalism called for overthrow of most Euro. Govts. Revolutionary Met in secret Italian – Carbonari

23. John Mazzini Nationalist philosopher Started society called Young Italy Tried to unite Italy

24. Germans Begin to Have United Feelings Nationalism becomes an obsession Grimm’s Fairy Tales 1812 –German folktales

25. Hegel 1770-1831 The state embodied reason and liberty Reality – a process of endless change Thesis – given state of affairs – how things are Antithesis – the opposite of the state of affairs Synthesis – fusion of the two Influenced Karl Marx