1. The Middle Ages Review Game Note: To receive credit for your answers, some questions require detailed answers! Use paper/pen to prepare your answers

2. What is Interdict and what were its effects? A punishment a king would face - issued by the Pope A punishment a king would face - issued by the Pope His entire kingdom could not perform the holy sacraments His entire kingdom could not perform the holy sacraments King would lose loyalty of his subjects – who were devout Catholics King would lose loyalty of his subjects – who were devout Catholics

3. What document provided the origin of English Common Law? When was it created? The Magna Carta The Magna Carta Created in 1215 Created in 1215

4. What time period is “the Dark Ages”, and why was it called that? Around 500-1000 CE Around 500-1000 CE After the fall of Rome, Europe descended into a period of chaos, and education was lost. After the fall of Rome, Europe descended into a period of chaos, and education was lost. Fear dominated minds Fear dominated minds (it allowed for the rise of the Feudal System) (it allowed for the rise of the Feudal System)

5. What time period was the “High Middle Ages”, and why was it called that? Around 1000 – 1400s Around 1000 – 1400s The Merchant Class was increasing trade, and people began to prosper The Merchant Class was increasing trade, and people began to prosper The food supply increased, and people began to prosper The food supply increased, and people began to prosper After the Crusades, the great scholarship from Muslim societies came to Europe through trade, and people prospered After the Crusades, the great scholarship from Muslim societies came to Europe through trade, and people prospered Feudalism weakened, and people prospered Feudalism weakened, and people prospered

6. After the Black Plague, where did most serfs go to seek their freedom? To Medieval Towns To Medieval Towns

7. How did the Black Plague spread to Europe? Explain. Originated in Mongolia Originated in Mongolia Mongols conquered much of Asia and the Middle East. So it spread through warfare Mongols conquered much of Asia and the Middle East. So it spread through warfare It spread to Europe from the Middle East through trade It spread to Europe from the Middle East through trade Rats carryied infected fleas Rats carryied infected fleas

8. How did fleas bring down the feudal system of Europe? Explain! (2 pts multiple causes - effects) fleas spread the plague (via rats’ bodies) which brought on an epidemic, which killed 1/3 of Europe, which led to a labor shortage, which empowered the peasant class….and lessoned the power of the upper classes and led to less faith in the church

9. How did the Battle of Hastings change English history? The Normans took control of England (William of Normandy) The Normans took control of England (William of Normandy) He united England under one monarch He united England under one monarch Established the one royal family of England Established the one royal family of England

10. Approximately, when was the 100 Years’ War? Started in the mid -1300s Started in the mid -1300s Ended in the mid -1400s Ended in the mid -1400s

11. Approximately, when was the Black Death? (aka The Plague, The Bubonic Plague) The mid -1300s The mid -1300s

12. What were the most important effects of the 100 Years’ War? It helped to create national identities in both France & England It helped to create national identities in both France & England It increased the power of Kings It increased the power of Kings England and France would be powerful rivals for centuries England and France would be powerful rivals for centuries It signifies the end of the Middle Ages It signifies the end of the Middle Ages

13. What conflict led to the Magna Carta and the creation of Parliament? How to end taxation without representation How to end taxation without representation The Nobles demanded to have a say in taxes, and forced King John to sign it The Nobles demanded to have a say in taxes, and forced King John to sign it

14. List the main goals of the Crusades Religious – spread Christianity and unite Christians Religious – spread Christianity and unite Christians Economic – gain territory, control Middle East trade routes. (warriors wanted to loot and plunder Economic – gain territory, control Middle East trade routes. (warriors wanted to loot and plunder Political – strengthen the Catholic Church’s power Political – strengthen the Catholic Church’s power

15. What was the cause of the 100 Years’ War? The cause was the debate over who would claim the French throne The cause was the debate over who would claim the French throne People from the English Islands and people from France BOTH wanted to control the northern France region called Normandy People from the English Islands and people from France BOTH wanted to control the northern France region called Normandy

16. What was the Inquisition? The organized effort to drive the Muslims from Spain. The organized effort to drive the Muslims from Spain. A test was given of who was a true Christian, so it caused persecution of Jews and even Catholics A test was given of who was a true Christian, so it caused persecution of Jews and even Catholics

17. What is Courtly Love? Romantic behavior that knights and ladies of the Middle Ages engaged in…They pursued a forbidden love. Romantic behavior that knights and ladies of the Middle Ages engaged in…They pursued a forbidden love.

18. Who was Joan of Arc? She was a French peasant girl who changed the course of the 100 Years’ War by leading the French to victory against the English. She was a French peasant girl who changed the course of the 100 Years’ War by leading the French to victory against the English. She was burned at the stake She was burned at the stake She later was declared a saint She later was declared a saint

19. What is Chivalry? It is a code of conduct for knights to follow that requires It is a code of conduct for knights to follow that requires Honor Honor Devotion Devotion Courage Courage Loyalty Loyalty Service to the weak, poor, and to women. Service to the weak, poor, and to women.

20. What happens when someone is excommunicated? He/she is banned from the Catholic Church. He/she is banned from the Catholic Church.

21. What are the Sumptuary Laws? These are laws that control what people can buy. These are laws that control what people can buy. It was primarily to enforce a code of dress for different social classes. It was primarily to enforce a code of dress for different social classes.

22. What is the Domesday Book? What is its importance? It is a census of all the English people (and their property) living in 1066. It is a census of all the English people (and their property) living in 1066. It is the first time a ruler took account of all the people (a necessary step, before voting) It is the first time a ruler took account of all the people (a necessary step, before voting)

23. Explain the Feudal Hierarchy from top to bottom. Include obligations. (2 pts) King – owns all land & demands loyalty from all people in the kingdom King – owns all land & demands loyalty from all people in the kingdom Lord – provide loyalty, knights and taxes to the king Lord – provide loyalty, knights and taxes to the king Knight - provides protection to lord/serfs, gives loyalty to lord & pays taxes Knight - provides protection to lord/serfs, gives loyalty to lord & pays taxes Serfs – pays taxes & provides goods/servides Serfs – pays taxes & provides goods/servides

24. What is a guild? What is its importance? It is an organization of individuals sharing the same business or occupation. It is an organization of individuals sharing the same business or occupation. Eg. Merchant guilds and craft guilds. Eg. Merchant guilds and craft guilds. It helped merchants and artisans organize and unite for power. It was the start of the Middle Class. It helped merchants and artisans organize and unite for power. It was the start of the Middle Class.

25. What was the 3-Field System? It was farming on 2/3 of the land rather than only ½ of the land at one time (resting 1/3 of the fields). It was farming on 2/3 of the land rather than only ½ of the land at one time (resting 1/3 of the fields). This increased productivity, created more food to sustain life and to trade. This increased productivity, created more food to sustain life and to trade.

26. Who were troubadours? They were traveling poets/musicians who sang love songs They were traveling poets/musicians who sang love songs

27. What was the immediate cause of the first Crusade? The Pope wanted to aid Constantinople, an Orthodox Christian city, from the Muslims The Pope wanted to aid Constantinople, an Orthodox Christian city, from the Muslims

28. What are the major long term effects of the Black Plague? What are the major long term effects of the Black Plague? (besides many people died) Feudal system crumbles Feudal system crumbles Eventually towns recover their population Eventually towns recover their population Church loses power – why did God do this? Church loses power – why did God do this? Labor shortage – The peasant class gains power because there are fewer of them Labor shortage – The peasant class gains power because there are fewer of them

29. What were some of the changes in business & banking during the late Middle Ages? Fairs Fairs Created more currencies, even developed an exchange rate Created more currencies, even developed an exchange rate Credit Credit Loans Loans

30. Final Question (Tie-breaker) List the lines of defense of a castle! List at least 7…there are 11 here 1. Town Wall 2. Moat 3. Drawbridge 4. Metal Gate 5. Wood Door 6. Outer Curtain Wall 7. Portcullis 8. Murder Holes 9. Arrow Loops 10. Inner Curtain Wall 11. Keep