1. ESL501 online INTEGRATING QUOTES IN TEXT WITH PIE STRUCTURE Adapted from Prof. Randall Sadler and Susan Faivre

2. PIE!

3. PIE STRUCTURE Point Although the bald eagle is still listed as an endangered species, its ever- increasing population is very encouraging. According to ornithologist Jay Sheppard, “The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (2004, p. 96). Signal Phrase Illustration In-text Citation (Notice the author is mentioned in the signal phrase) (No explanation yet!)

4.  Point  Signal Phrase (These 2 may or may not be one sentence)  Illustration (quote/paraphrase/summary)  In-text citation  Explanation EVERY QUOTE/PARAPHRASE/SUMMARY YOU USE SHOULD HAVE ALL 5 OF THESE THINGS:

5. Point Signal Phrase #1 Illustration #1 Signal Phrase #2 Illustration #2 Signal Phrase # 3 Illustration #3 Explanation (or the explanation might be used throughout the paragraph)  You as the author need to decide what is needed to best illustrate and explain your point OTHER OPTIONS FOR PIE

6.  In the words of researcher and Nobel prize winner Chie Fujii, “…” (Quotation to follow in “…”)  As Sang-soo Lee has noted, “…”  The Hossain’s point out that “….”  “…,” claims linguist Noam Chomsky.  Psychologist Ivan Cokrosaputra offers an odd argument for this view: “…”  Dring answers these objections with the following analysis: “…”  According to Randall Sadler, author of Give me all your money, “…”  The signal phrase indicates what is to come is not the author’s own, that they’re borrowing from another source to better illustrate their point EXAMPLES OF SIGNAL PHRASES

7. AcknowledgesCommentsEndorsesReasons AddsComparesGrantsRefutes AdmitsConfirmsIllustratesRejects AgreesContendsImpliesReports ArguesDeclaresInsistsResponds AssertsDeniesNotesSuggests BelievesDisputesObservesThinks ClaimsEmphasizesPoints outsWrites SOME COMMON SIGNAL PHRASES

8.  In addition, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) helps recruiting talented students, which is an essential factor for continuous development of a company. Hill & Knowlton, Inc. (2008) showed that competent students in leading Universities prefer the companies with a higher corporate reputation through their CSR activities (p.4). As examples above show, both reputations and competent human resources can be obtained through CSR activities. Point Signal phrase Illustration In-text citation Explanation EXAMPLE PIE STRUCTURES

9.  One main problem is that most government positions are filled with men and they might not be feminists. According to Center for American Women and Politics (2012), women hold far less percentage in government positions not only in present day but also in the past (p. 26). The current feminism opportunities and gender equalities regulations are the result of years long fighting and campaigning. Point Signal phrase Illustration In-text citation Explanation EXAMPLE PIE STRUCTURES (CONT.)

10.  When integrating information from other sources into your own writing, remember PIE:  Point  Signal Phrase (These 2 may or may not be one sentence)  Illustration (quote/paraphrase/summary)  In-text citation  Explanation SUMMARY

11. Hacker, D. (1995). A Writer’s Reference. Boston: Bedford Books. Sadler, R. (2005). Topic Sentences and Pie Structure. Resources. Retrieved from: eslweb.org. REFERENCES