1. + Instrument Classifications Music Education – Laurentian University

2. + SOUND SOURCES Sound occurs because air is caused to vibrate Sound occurs because air is caused to vibrate SOURCE: - a sound source is any object that causes air to vibrate CAUSE: - Something needs to happen to CAUSE the sound source to vibrate RESONANCE: - various objects vibrating in sympathy with a sound source

3. + Musical Instrument Categories Hornbostel-Sachs Classification System Hornbostel-Sachs Classification System Membranophone Chordophone Idiophone Aerophone Quintaphone and subcategory, Electrophone

4. + Membranophone Sound is made by striking a ‘membrane’ or ‘skin’ stretched across an opening Examples: Various kinds of Drums

5. + Chordophone Sound is made by a string (chord) drawn taught over or from a resonating surface. Chordophones can be plucked – banjo, guitar, harpsichord, etc. Struck – birmbau, dulcimer, clavichord, piano, Bowed – i.e. chord vibrates by causing FRICTION violin, viola, violincello, double bass, Also: tiger drum

6. + Aerophone Sound is made by vibrating air in a column or tube Examples: - air blows across the tube (traverse) flute, pop bottle, - whistle – recorder, bird calls - reed – clarinet, grass between your thumbs… kaan, mouth-organ - Double reed – oboe, bassoon - straw – (the L.U. Con-ed Vuvuzela!)

7. + Idiophone Sound source is unique to the instrument – - Many kinds of percussion instruments - Stones, bones, - Sound can be caused by ‘striking’, ‘scraping’, twirling, - -- essentially causing air to vibrate around the instrument…

8. + Electronophones Sound is made through electronic means THERAMIN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5qf9O6c20o&feature=related - Lev Theramin MOOG Synthesizer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynX6Wmvxl_8 - Robert MOOG Mellotron Paul McCartney Demonstrates a Mellotron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUcfB5Whp4I Paul McCartney Demonstrates a Mellotron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUcfB5Whp4I Digital Synthesizer MIDI

9. + - Hydraulapohones - Plasmaphones - Quintephones These are relatively new classifications Instruments that produce sound from liquid state (water, heavy water) Instruments that produce sound from matter in high energy state (fire, plasma) Instruments that create sound using non-electronic computation Digital Synthesizers – MIDI – electroencephalophones

10. + What classification do you think the drumbone is? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOLBn8GKBlA