1. Standard 5c

2. Learning Goals  1. Compare Selective Breeding & Genetic Engineering.  2. Summarize the two main steps in genetic engineering.  3. Explain the benefits of genetic engineering.

3.  Organisms with desired traits can be produced one of two ways: 1. Selective Breeding 2. Genetic Engineering

4. Selective Breeding  We decide who breeds to select traits we want

5. Genetic Engineering  1. Creating Recombinant DNA  2. Introducing the gene into a new organism.

6. Recombinant DNA  Recombinant DNA contains DNA from two or more different sources. Pig + jellyfish Human + bacteria Tomato + pepper

7. 1. Creating Recombinant DNA  1. Lots of copies of the gene are made ○ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)  2. Restriction Enzymes isolate the desired gene “Cut” DNA into chunks  3. The gene is “pasted” somewhere new

8. 2. Introducing the gene into a new organism  The most common way to get new DNA into a cell is using a vector. ○ Bacteria ○ Viruses Host  New “Host” cell will follow the DNA instructions of the inserted gene

9. Uses of Genetic Engineering  Making Medicines Cells make important protein products that people with diseases need ○ Insulin ○ Human Growth Hormone ○ Blood clotting factors

10. Example: Genetic engineering had been used to produce goats whose milk contains proteins (medicine) by injecting new DNA into fertilized goat eggs

11.  Agricultural uses: Produce BIGGER foods Feed more people Disease & pest resistant Frost resistant Resistant tomato plant Golden rice w/ beta-carotene Naturally decaffeinated coffee

12. Learning Goals  1. Compare Selective Breeding & Genetic Engineering.  2. Summarize the two main steps in genetic engineering.  3. Explain the benefits of genetic engineering.