1. Ancient Greece A Love of Intellectualism “Man is the measure of all things.” - Protagoras The first man to describe himself as a teacher.

2. Greek Influence ► Democracy ► Olympics ► Mythology ► Language ► Architecture

3. Heroic Age ► Crete beginning ► 2000 Minoan Civilization  King Minos of Crete ► 1200-1500 Mycenaean Culture  King Agamemnon  Trojan War (Asia Minor)

4. Dark Age ► 1200 Dorian Invasion  Northern Greece  Burned palace centers ► Decline of civilization  Writing fell out of use  No record of cultural development

5. Epic Age 800-750 ► Stories and Songs  Past  Trojan War heroes ► Homer  Iliad  Odyssey Alphabet

6. The Rise of City-States (Polis) ► Geographical areas based around a city but contained within its domain the outlying rural areas as well ► Ruled by a king ► Sparta  Military ► Athens  Culture and arts  Democracy (500BC) Culture: religious worship--Delphi, mythological origins-Zeus, shared athletic contests-Olympics.

7. Mythology ► Zeus—ruler of sky and weather ► Hera—protector of marriage ► Poseidon—ruler of the sea and earthquakes ► Hades—ruler of the underworld ► Ares—god of war ► Apollo—ruler of light and truth, healing and plague ► Athena—goddess of war and wisdom ► Artemis—goddess of hunting and childbirth ► Aphrodite—love and beauty ► Dionysus—god of theater, music, wine, fertility

8. Golden Age—448 ► Persian War (499-448) ► Political Expansion  Democracy ► Pericles—statesman and general (30 years)  Built Parthenon ► Art ► Philosophy

9. Writers ► Literature  Aeschylus—the original  Sophocles—the tragedy  Aristophanes—the comedy ► satire  Herodotus—the first historian ► Persian Wars

10. Sophocles ► Lived to be 90 ► Long, happy, comfortable ► Born to wealthy family ► Good education ► Lived through plague ► Public official ► Dramatist at 28

11. Sophocles’ Plays ► Annual competition—in honor of Dionysus  Major event that last 4 days  Judges  15,000 spectators ► Beat Aeschylus ► Won 24 first prizes ► Tragedy  Probe human suffering

12. Greek Theater ► Carved out of a stone hillside ► Semicircle ► Orchestra for the chorus ► Bare stage ► Huge masks ► A few actors may play multiple roles

13. Oedipus Rex ► Three Theban Plays  Oedipus Rex ► One of the world’s greatest tragedies ► 2 nd place at the festival  Oedipus at Colonus  Antigone

14. Tragic Elements--Aristotle ► Tragic Hero—noble ► Tragic Flaw—weakness in character  Hubris  Makes mistakes ► Gain self-knowledge ► Downfall ► Catharsis—pity and terror

15. Irony ► Dramatic ► Verbal ► Situational

16. Themes ► The quest for identity ► Free will versus fate ► The nature of moral responsibility Read the background information on page 259.