2. Total War- conflict involving not just armies but entire nations. Dwight D. Eisenhower- U.S. general who commanded an army in northern Africa. Douglas MacArthur- commanded a Filipino-American force in the Philippines. Emphasize- to stress or give particular importance to. Pendulum- hanging weight that swings from side to side in a steady rhythm.

3. Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for president to serve a third term, which was against George Washington's precedent. FDR won the election easily. Britain asked the U.S. for supplies and money. Roosevelt made a compromise with Congress. U.S could give supplies to Britain but only if they paid for everything they sent. Britain had ran out of money by 1940. FDR passed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the U.S. to help threatened by the Nazis.

4. The U.S. started to prepare for entry to war. Greater spending for the army and navy was approved by Congress. Congress also passed a law that set up the first peacetime draft in American history. Roosevelt set up the Tuskegee Airmen which was a African American unit under the command of a black officer.

5. Roosevelt and Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter in 1941, which outlined their goals for the postwar world. They agreed to seek no territorial gain from the war. They also emphasized the right for people to choose their own government. Called for a new international organization, since the League of Nations failed.

6. On December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. During the attack 400 military aircrafts and 8 battleships were damaged. About 2,400 American's were killed. FDR addressed congress, and later that day congress declared war on Japan. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.

7. World War II was the start of another global conflict. There were to sides the Axis power and the Allied power. Germany, Italy, Japan, and six other countries made up the Axis powers. Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and forty-five other countries made up the Allied powers. World War II was a total war, countries used all of their resources to help the war effort.

8. The Allies faced a bleak situation on all fronts. Most of Western Europe was controlled by Germany. Nazis advanced deep into deep Soviet territory and Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union lost millions of soldiers, but the tide began to turn in the Allies favor. The Soviets slowly began to push the Germans back to the West.

9. Days after Pearl Harbor the Japanese took over Hong Kong, Malaya, Thailand, Burma, Guam, Wake Island, the Dutch East Indies, the Solomon Islands, and they threatened Australia. Hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor Japan attacked airfields in the Philippines. Two weeks later Japan invaded the Philippines. Douglas MacArthur commanded an American-Filippino force into Manila. His army was pushed back into Bataan, where he surrendered.

10. Japan captured about 70,000 American and Filipino soldiers. They were then forced to walk 65 miles to a prison camp. Most of the prisoners died from disease, starvation, and violence. Therefore this became known as the Bataan Death March.

11. The tide began to turn in the Pacific. In may 1942, Americans launched planes off of a aircraft carrier to attack a Japanese ship to push them back to New Guinea, at the battle of Coral Sea. A month later Japan attacked the Island of Midway. Americans defended the island successfully destroying 4 aircraft carriers and 322 aircraft.