2. The present perfect tense have / has + done ( 过去分 词 ) Ⅰ. How to form? 1. – ed eg. wanted, looked, played, needed 2. – d eg. lived, liked, loved, arrived 3. y→i, -ed eg. studied, worried 4. 双写 …, -ed eg. stopped, dragged 5. irregular verbs( 不规则动词 ) eg. done, gone, had, put, flown, written

3. 1. 动作发生结束于过去, 但对现在产生影响 Ⅱ. How to use? Eg. a. Thank you for inviting me, but I have seen the film. (Now I know about the film, so I don’t want to see it again.) b.–Why not sit down and have some bread? --I’d love to, but I have had breakfast. (Now I am full, so I don’t need any bread.)

4. 2. 动作始于过去, 并持续到现在或还可能 延续下去 Eg. a. I have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. b. He has learned English since he was five. Ⅱ. How to use?

5. 1. for + 一段时间 Ⅲ. Time adverbials Eg. They have been in Canada for ten years. My brother has kept this book for 5 weeks. ( 特殊疑问句 ) → How long has your brother kept this book?

6. 2. since + 一段时间 +ago Since + 过去时间点（例如 1998 ） Since+ 过去的时间状语从句 The old man has been dead since 2005. We have lived here since two months ago. She has stayed with me since the accident happened. ( 特殊疑问句 ) How long has she stayed with you? Ⅲ. Time adverbials

7. 3. already, yet, just, before, never, ever, recently, twice 等副词 a. He hasn’t done his homework yet. b. We’ve just had breakfast. c. I have met him before. d. She has never gone abroad. e. Have you ever been to Hong Kong? f. We’ve planted about 100 trees recently. g. He has already finished the work. ( 否 & 疑 He hasn’t finished the work yet. Has he finished the work yet?

8. 4. this morning, this week, today, now, so far （到目前为止）, up till now （直到现在）, in the past …. （在过 去的 … ）等包括现在在内的时间状语. a. I haven’t seen him this morning. b. There haven’t been any traffic accidents this week. c. I have been working for nine hours today. d. Now the car has broken down. What shall I do? e. So far, the thief hasn’t been caught. f. There have been great changes in SZ in the past ten years.

9. 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 Ⅳ. Some special things 侧重点不一样 ; 时间状语不一样 a. I saw the film yesterday. (have nothing to do with the present.) b. I have seen the film. (Now I know about the film.) 现在完成时不可连用的时间状语 : yesterday (morning …), last week, two days ago, in 2000, just now …

10. 2. have gone to, have been to, have been in a. Jim has gone to London with his family. (He is on his way or in London now) b. Jim has been to London before. (He is back now.) c. Jim has been in London for two weeks. (He went to London two weeks ago and he is still there)

11. c. 用适当的时态填空. 1.We ____ just ______(talk) about you. 2.--- _____ he ______ (tell) you the news? --- No, he _______. 3. He ___________(work) in that hospital since he ______(leave) the college in 1998. 4. ---How long _____ you ______(teach) English at this school? --- For about ten years. 5. They __________(see) the film twice. have talked Has told hasn’t has worked left have taught have seen

12. 6. --- Where ____ you ________ (be)? --- I __________ (be) to the library. --- When ____ you _______(come) back? --- I _______ (come) back half an hour ago. 7. --- Where _____ his father ______ (go)? --- He ________ (go) to Japan. --- When _____ he ______ (be) back? --- He _______ (be) back in two months. have been have been did come came has gone has gone will be will be

13. 3. 延续性动词与终止性动词 终止性动词不可延续, 所以不可与表示一段 时间的状语连用. 误 : I’ve left my hometown for 10 years. 正 : I’ve been away from my hometown for 10 years. 误 : He has borrowed this book for a week. 正 : He has kept this book for a week. 但它们的否定式可以与一段时间状语连用. Eg. I haven’t bought any new clothes for three months.

14. 终止性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时, 将终止性动词转化为持续性动词 come →be here close—be closed go → be there die →be dead borrow → keep buy →have leave →be away join →be in… open—be open →be a …member Eg. I came here for three years. (×) → I have been here for three years. The old man died for two months. (×) → The old man has been dead for two months.

15. borrow be keep become leave be away die be dead open be open close be closed be on begin go/come be in

16. 1.His aunt has left for half an hour. 2.How long have you joined the Party? 3.They’ve made friends since they came here. 4.My classmates have bought the computer for two days. 5.How long has he caught a cold? 改错 been away been in had been had

17. 1. 这辆车我已买了有三年了. 2. 老师离开半小时了. 3. 我叔叔去英国十年了. 4. 我妹妹借这本书两天了. 5. 他入团两年了.(join the League) I have had this car for three years. The teacher has been away for half an hour. My uncle has been in England for ten years. My sister has kept this book for two days. He has been in the League for two years. He has been a League member for two years.

18. b. It is + 一段时间 + since + 从句 ( 过去时 ) 1. 我来深圳三年了. It is three years since I came to Shenzhen. I have been in Shenzhen for three years. I have been in Shenzhen since 2004 / three years ago. 2. 他爷爷死了有五年了. It is five years since his grandfather died. His grandfather has been dead for five years. His grandfather has been dead since 2002 / five years ago.

19. a. 写出下列句子的同意句. 1.The young man joined the army two years ago. The young man has been in the army for two years ago. The young man has been a soldier since two years ago. It is two years since the young man joined the army. 2. I arrived home half an hour ago. 3. I came here ten minutes ago. 4. We bought this flat last year. Ⅴ. Some exercises.

20. 2. I arrived home half an hour ago. I have been at home since an hour ago. I have been at home for an hour. It’s an hour since I arrived home. 3. I came here ten minutes ago. I have been here since ten minutes ago. I have been here for ten minutes. It’s ten minutes since I came here. 4 We bought this flat last year. I have been here since ten minutes ago. I have been here for ten minutes. It’s ten minutes since I came here.

21. b. 按要求改写下列句子. 1.We do our homework every day. (→already) 2.My father didn’t mend the chair. ( 加 yet ) 3.She has already water the flowers. ( 一般问 ) 4.Will you buy some meat for supper? ( 现在完成时 ) 5.She bought this hat three days ago. ( 现在完成时 ) 6.I have waited for more than one hour. ( 特问 ) 7.He has been away since 9 o’clock. ( 特问 )

22. Ⅵ. Answers to A2 A3 &A4 (P39) A2: TFTT A3: 1. … have fixed … 2. … have emptied … 3. … have hung up… 4. … have not mended … 5. … have got rid of … A4: 2.Have..swept Yes,…have 3.Have…painted No,…haven’t 4.Have…emptied Yes,…have 5.Have…made No,…haven’t

23. B Already and yet (P 40) 3. have already got 4. has not got 5. yet 6. has not saved 7. yet 8. Has already packed 9. have not packed 10. yet

24. C2 1. has never been on a 2. has never had a 3. has never seen a 4. has been in a 5. has had a 6. has seen a D1 1. lives …Hamburg 2. has lived…since 1988 3. has lived…for 14 years 4. was born in Shenzhen D2 1-5: T T F T F