1. ARPOROS THE IDEA OF “RACE”… AGAIN

2. THE BEGINNING OF RACISM The idea of different “races” of humans started in the 17 th century After this, the idea of race was used by socialists in Germany The concept of “racism” is new Fascist ideologies stemmed from racism

3. MARXISM AND RACISM Marxist texts that analyzed race relations was OC Cox’s Caste, Class, and Race in 1970 Cox denied racism as an analytical concept Book is still read and analyzed today

4. COX’S THEORIES… Race relations were both a form of group relations and a type of class relations Remained within the academic realm of current writings at the time Cox was seen as an economist

5. THE MIGRATION THEORY Migration of people from the Caribbean brought with it demand for men and women who were looking for sufficient wages Race relations were seen as a ‘colonial problem Political economy of migration (Sivanadan) “Racism is not …a white problem, but a problem of an exploitative white power structure; power is not something white people are born into, but that which they derive from their position in a complex race/sex/class hierarchy”

6. THE IDEOLOGY OF ‘RACE’ French materialist approach to the idea of Race is analytical Guillaumin writes: “Whatever the theoretical foundations underlying the various interpretations of racial relations, the very use of such a distinction tends to imply the acceptance of some essential difference between type of social relation, some, somewhere, being specifically racial. Merely to adopt the expression implies the belief that races are ‘real’ or concretely apprehensible, or at the best that the idea of race is uncritically accepted; moreover, it implies that races play a role in the social process not merely as an ideological form, but as an immediate factor acting as moth determining cause and concrete means”

7. CITATION Prou, Marc E. "Apropos The Idea of "Race"...Again." Introduction to Africana Studies: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the African Experience. 1st ed. Boston: Cognella, 2015. 171-186. Print.